... divisor of both a
and a +1is1.
Elementary Number Theory
W. Edwin Clark
Department of Mathematics
University of South Florida
Revised June 2, 2003
Copyleft 2002 by W. Edwin Clark
Copyleft means that ... triangular number t
n
is the number of
dots in a triangular array that has n rows with i dots in the i-th row. Find
aformulafort
n
, n ≥ 1. (b) Suppose that for each n ≥ 1. Let s...
... [LL93]), which is the best-known general purpose factoriza-
tion algorithm. A description of how the number field sieve works is beyond
the scope of this book. However, the number field sieve makes ... There are infinitely many composite num-
bers. Proof. To obtain a new composite number, multiply together the
first n composite numbers and don’t add 1.
12 1. Prime Numbers
1.2.2 Enumerating P...
... natural numbers N are well-ordered, ie every subset S ⊂ N has a
least element.
1.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
Proposition 1.4 (Euclid’s Lemma) Suppose p ∈ N is a prime number; and sup-
pose ... coprime to n even if n is composite.
5.2 Carmichael numbers
Definition 5.2 Suppose n is an odd number > 1. Then we say that n is aCarmichael
number if n is not a prime, but is a pseud...
... Arithmetic-Mean-Geometric-Mean Inequality for n =
2. Assume that the Arithmetic-Mean-Geometric-Mean Inequality
holds true for n = 2
k−1
, k > 2, that is, assume that nonnegative real
numbers ... (Arithmetic-Mean-Geometric-Mean Inequality) Let a
1
, a
2
, . . . , a
n
be nonnegative real numbers. Then
n
√
a
1
a
2
···a
n
≤
a
1
+ a
2
+ ···+ a
n
n
.
Proof Since the square of any real number i...
... picture.
♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣rrrrrrr❜❜
-2 1 -1 4 -7 0 7 14 21
-1 6 16
The principle of mathematical induction states that if S(k) is some state-
ment about integers k ≥ k
0
such that S(k
0
) ... nonempty set of k-tuples of positive inte-
gers contains a smallest element.
1.2 Greatest Common Divisors
Algebra is a natural language to describe many results in...
... Take a holomorphic theory with field space
F
hol
, and the complex conjugate of the n-point functions. This is a theory
of anti-holomorphic fields, with a field space F
hol
anti-linearly isomorphic ... holomorphic
theory with Virasoro field T and G ⊂ F a theory with Virasoro field T
1
, then
the complementary sub -theory G
has a Virasoro field T −T
1
.
Consider now the holomorphic field...
... work of Conrey-Ghosh,
Conrey-Gonek, Duke-Friedlander-Iwaniec, Kowalski-Michel-Vanderkam, Ju-
tila, Motohashi, Ivic, Soundararajan, Rubinstein, and others on moments of
families of L-functions which ... conjectures of
Keating-Snaith and Conrey-Farmer on moments of zeta- and L-functions and
another was the development of the notion of symmetry type of families of L-
functions by Katz-Sarnak. Ad...