... Purwadi,Agung (2000) Economic crisis and higher education in Indonesia; Mukhopadhaya,Pundarik and Shantakumar, Govindar (2000) Economic crisis and higher education in Singapore; and (iv) Hyunsook, ... starting withSingapore in 1997, and all other countries in 1998. Indonesia and Thailand faced the highest fall in GDP and the Philippines and Singapore faced the least rates of decline in GDP.Table ... to rethink the system of financing higher education. First, there is a need for stability in university financing. If universities continue to rely on tuition forthe bulk of their financing, similar...