Báo cáo khoa học: "A Symbolic Approach to Near-Deterministic Surface Realisation using Tree Adjoining Grammar" pptx

... June 2007.c2007 Association for Computational LinguisticsA Symbolic Approach to Near-Deterministic Surface Realisation using Tree Adjoining GrammarClaire GardentCNRS/LORIANancy, Franceclaire.gardent@loria.frEric ... givenelementary tree can be used to uniquely identify that tree. Given this, surface realisation is constrained asfollows.1. Each tree identiﬁer Id (tree) is mapped into asimpliﬁed set of tree properties ... phase. Move the chart trees to theagenda and the auxiliary agenda trees to thechart. Retrieve a tree from the agenda, add it to the chart and try to combine it by adjunctionwith trees present in...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Bootstrapping Approach to Named Entity Classification Using Successive Learners" pdf

... seeds are retrieved from the repository to train a decision list for NE classification. 3. The learned rules are applied to the NE candidates stored in the repository. 4. The proper names tagged ... 86.7% To benchmark the quality of the automatically constructed corpus (Table 2), the testing corpus is first processed by our parser and then saved into the repository. The repository level ... limited recall. Then, these rules are applied to a large raw corpus to automatically generate a tagged corpus. Finally, an HMM-based NE tagger is trained using this corpus. There is no iterative...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A new Approach to Improving Multilingual Summarization using a Genetic Algorithm" pptx

... parame-ters for a keyword extractor embedded in the Ex-tractor tool.3Or˘asan et al. (2000) enhanced thepreference-based anaphora resolution algorithmsby using a GA to ﬁnd an optimal set of values ... op-eration.3http://www.extractor.com/928Today, graph-based text representations are be-coming increasingly popular, due to their abil-ity to enrich the document model with syntacticand semantic relations. Salton ... weighted average of two “parent” vectorsaccording to (Vignaux and Michalewicz, 1991).Formally, a new vector v will be created fromtwo vectors v1and v2according to the formulav = λ ∗ v1+ (1...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A Grammatical Approach to Understanding Textual Tables using Two-Dimensional SCFGs" docx

... presented here aims to address thisproblem. Our model provides an enabling foun-dation toward a linguistic approach by ﬁrst shift-ing to a two-dimensional CFG framework. Thispermits us to construct ... 1078Vancouver Computer 2002 1130Victoria Phone 2001 818Victoria Phone 2002 894Victoria Computer 2001 968Victoria Computer 2002 1024LocationTypeTimeVancouverVictoriaPhoneComputer845107820012002Figure ... parse tree exam-ples. Figure 2 shows a complete parse tree forparsing the table in Table 7 into a ﬂat model. Fig-ure 3 is a portion of a parse tree for parsing thetable in Table 8 into a nested...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A PRAGMATICBASED APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING" pdf

... will then move to considering other attributes of the courses. It appears that the plan-based framework can be extended to handle many such dialogues, perhaps by using meta-plans to represent ... respond, they seem to have llt- tle to do with the expected discourse goals of the speaker. Real understanding consists sot only of resognlzAr~ the particular surface- request or surface- lnform, ... task-related plan and focusing tech- niqces are necessary in order to identIDi that portion of the underlying plan to which a frasmen- tar7 utterance refers. Focusing mechanAas have been...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A HYBRID APPROACH TO REPRESENTATION IN THE JANUS NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSOR" pot

... SThe ruJels may need to be used tecureively to get to a constanL aEvery expression in WML has a type. 4.1.¢ Knowledge Acquisition We have developed two complementary tools to greatly increase ... has a role from A to B (or from B to A) can be referred to by a definite NP. This has not yet been integrated into the Janus model of reference processing [4]. 4.3.2. Metonymy Unstated relations ... metonymy. Those that can be anticipated can be built into the lexicon; the challenge is to deal with those that are novel to Janus. Finding the omitted relation in novel nominal compounds using...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH TO GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF WRITTEN ENGLISH BY COMPUTER" pot

... subsequent modification to the system resulted in over 96 per cent of word tags being correctly assigned automatically. The remaining 3 to ~ per cent were corrected by human post-editors. ~brk is ... progress to devise a suite of programs to provide a constituent analysis of the sentences in the corpus. So far, sample sentences have been automatically assigned phrase and clause tags using ... print-outs of the word tagged version of the corpus. As tree drawing proceeded, amendments and extensions to the rules for tree drawing and the inventory of hypertags were proposed, on the basis of...

Báo cáo khoa học: A kinetic approach to the dependence of dissimilatory metal reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 on the outer membrane cytochromes c OmcA and OmcB potx

... these cytochromes have been proposed to be ter-minal Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reductases, although their role in the reductionof other metals is less well understood. To obtain more insight into this,we ... Journal compilation ª 2007 FEBSA kinetic approach to the dependence of dissimilatorymetal reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 on theouter membrane cytochromes c OmcA and OmcBJimmy Borloo*, ... not lead to unwanted release of outermembrane cytochromes. Assays were conducted in microtiterplates at 25 °C in a ﬁnal volume of 200 lL of NaCl ⁄ Pi(pH 7.4), and were monitored using a Bio-Rad...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A Deductive Approach to Dependency Parsing∗" potx

... according to the usual defi-nition of projectivity found in the literature (Nivre,2006), if and only if the tree t is projective.Parse tree: A partial dependency tree t ∈D-trees is a parse tree ... single dependency tree. Therefore, our formal-ism allows items to be sets of forests of partial de-pendency trees, instead of sets of trees.969Taking these considerations into account, we de-fine ... need to describe item setsfor dependency parsers:Let Σ be an alphabet of terminal symbols.Partial dependency trees: We define the set ofpartial dependency trees (D-trees) as the set of finitetrees...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A Bootstrapping Approach to Unsupervised Detection of Cue Phrase Variants" docx

... inbootstrapping to evaluate the quality of the pat-terns automatically. IE and QA approaches, due to uniqueness assumptions of the real-world rela-tions that these methods search for, have an auto-matic ... goals, although they aresuperﬁcially similar to the correct contexts. Whilestring-based approaches (Paice, 1981; Teufel,1998) are too restrictive to cover the wide varia-tion within the correct ... corpus and, using an appropriate similar-ity measure, ranks them according to their dis-tributional similarity to the nouns “method” and“model”. Subsequently, the noun “method” is used to ﬁnd transitive...

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