... designating the source and target languages as “French” and “English,” respectively. The variables f and e stand for source and target sentences; fjistands for the substring of ffrom position ... standing for X spanning fji. We choose b and β to balancespeed and performance on our development set. For our experiments, we set b = 40, β = 10−1 for X cells, and b = 15, β = 10−1 for ... ek for some k ∈ [i, j] and k∈ [i, j];2. fk ek for all k ∈ [i, j] and k [i, j];3. fk ek for all k [i, j] and k∈ [i, j].Next, we form all possible differences...