... MINIREVIEW Oxidative neuronal injury The dark side of ERK1/2 Charleen T. Chu1,4, David J. Levinthal3,4, Scott M. Kulich1, Elisabeth M. Chalovich1and Donald B. DeFranco2,3,41Department of Pathology,2Department ... regulating ERK1/2 signaling through effects on scaffolding functions of b-arrestins, or by modulating the activity of proteinkinase C, which can activate Raf isoforms at the apex of the ERK1/2 module ... Seques-tration of ERK1/2 within discrete subcellular bodies couldalso affect the accessibility of ERK1/2 to its targets. Clearly,a detailed analysis is needed of the targets of ERK1/2 thatdirectly...