... independence, standard setting activities of the PCAOB, and implications of legislative and regulatory mandates. Findings of academicresearch can be useful in understanding these and other issues ... investors, and the rules that must be adhered to in preparing and auditing such reports. These parties and institutions include standard setters(e.g., FASB, PCAOB, SEC), regulators, and other ... FirmQualityControlCultureMonitoringPersonnelToolsANDREW D. BAILEY AND AUDREY A. GRAMLING4(2) internal audit activity; (3) oversight by the audit committee; and (4) theaudit performed by the independent auditor.Other parties and institutions,...