... serine/threonine kinases (A-Raf, B-Raf, C-Raf/Raf-1) and recruits them to the cell membrane.Activated Raf-1 phosphorylates and activates MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase), which in turn phosphorylates and activates ... tyrosine kinases and ligands implicated in pancreatic cancerare insulin-like growth factor and its tyrosine kinase receptor and insulin growth factor receptor 1, both of which are over-expressed ... only 51.4% of the patients.For the time being, reports of treatment of chronic pancre-atitis using ERCP by removal or destruction of stones, place-ment of stents, and dilation of strictures...