... ever’.27For this reason and others, to be dis-cussed in greater detail in Chapter 4 of this book, all mining in the Antarctic hasbeen prohibited.28There is one other prohibition in force in the Antarctic ... placement. There is Australia, with its interests and legislationlinked primarily to the Antarctic, and Canada for the Arctic. Then there is the ‘bi-polar’ case of the United States. One other important ... they share an additional important feature: none ofthem is currently applied to both the Arctic and the Southern Ocean.According to Article 197 of the LOS Convention, in protecting the marineenvironment,...