... something or solve a prob-lem—seeing connections, drawing distinctions, filling in gaps, recalling and ap-plying relevant information, discerning cause and effect relations, interpretingmore ... for the pilots and navigators. For pilots, the cri-teria were academic grades, hands-on flying work samples (e.g., landings, loops, and rolls), passing and failing training, and an overall ... articles and insurance options; and thelike) and health literacy (understanding doctors’ instructions and medicine labels,taking medication correctly, and so on) reflect, at heart, differences in...