... charac-ters are used in Japanese: hiragana, katakana,kanji, symbols, numbers, and letters of the Ro-man alphabet. We use 17 character types forwords, e.g., single-kanji, all-kanji,all-katakana, all-uppercase, ... in-stance, a morphological analyzer may divide a four-character expression OO-SAKA-SHI-NAIinto two words OO-SAKA (= Osaka) and SHI-NAI (= in the city), but the training data would betagged as ... .According to this ordering, two candidates canhave the same rank. One of them might assert that a certain word is an organization’s name and an-other candidate might assert that it is a person’sname....