... 169Pain assessment tools in palliative care 170Psychosocial factors influencing the pain experience 171Barriers to pain assessment and management 174Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management ... dilemmasassociated with pain management, how pain is com-municated, and how pain is assessed, managed and evaluated. When considering the management ofpain, we offer guidance on acute, chronic and ... no apparent tissue damageor tissue damage has healed or accompany progressivediseases that cannot be cured.The idea that pain can be classified as normal orabnormal is attractive. It enables...