... least time-consuming and the most cost- effective reading. According to schema theory (Goodman, 1985), the main reading skills are listed bellow: a. Word-attack skills consist of: - Morphological ... reading processes, three general descriptions of reading: bottom- up, top-down, or interactive, have been developed over years.Bottom-up models have not been favored by second language researchers, ... active, receptive, and throw-away vocabulary. Inference of meaning from context will give students a powerful aid to comprehension. - Learning to ignore difficult words. - Learning to use a dictionary:...