... and
tree transducers to handle non-isomorphism
are limited. At some level, a synchronous
derivation process must exist between the
source and target language sentences.
2. The training and/ or ...
The results are shown in Figure 9. The score
types “I” and “C” stand for individual and cumula-
tive n-gram scores. The final NIST and Bleu scores
are marked with bold fonts.
Sys...
... Acacias
CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland
PANELIST STATEMENT
The first difficulty in answering a question like "Does
machine translation work is that the question itself is ill-
posed. It takes ... lying behind the original question -and be-
hind the moderator's statement- concerns systems which are
in some way subject to external evaluation, and which can
therefore lead to dis...
... (Klein
and Manning, 2001; Huang and Chiang, 2005) and
machine translation (Chiang, 2007; Huang and Chi-
ang, 2007).
More formally, a hypergraph is a pair ⟨V, E⟩
where V is the set of nodes and E ... ⟨head(e), tails(e)⟩
where head(e) ∈ V is a head node and tails(e) ∈
V
∗
is a list of tail nodes, corresponding to the
left-hand side and the right-hand side of an in-
stance of a rul...
... They were mainly based
on the subject field of the text, on its
function, on its structure, on the sentence
and paragraph length and complexity, on the
use of particular terminologies.
236 ... machine can understand the
meaning of a text and re-express it in an
other language, so no machine can translate.
The debate is about the necessity of a deep
semantic understanding for...
... to
handle morphology, decompounding and regulariza-
tion through lemmatization, morphological analysis,
or unsupervised techniques (Nießen and Ney, 2000;
Brown, 2002; Lee, 2004; Goldwater and ... names, which have been handled
by using cognates or transliteration to improve trans-
lation (Knight and Graehl, 1998; Kondrak et al.,
2003; Finch and Sumita, 2007), and more sophisti-
ca...
... Bilingual Corpus, and partly entered by hand.
The corpus was sentence-aligned statistically (Wu,
1994); Chinese words and collocations were ex-
tracted (Fung and Wu, 1994; Wu and Fung, 1994); ...
Younger, 1967). We take the standard notion of
items (Aho and Ullman, 1972), and use the term an-
ticipation to mean an item which still has symbols
right of its dot. Items that...
... computing the English-side mes-
sages and beliefs (m
e
ij
and b
e
i
) , but the process
must also be done symmetrically for the French-
side messages and beliefs (m
f
ij
and b
f
i
) at every
iteration.
0- ... Conclusion and Future Work
We will summarize what we think are the 4 more
interesti ng contributions of this paper. BP al-
gorithm has been shown to be useful and flexi-
ble...
... form of a text, the analysis sys-
tem determines its root, part of speech, and - if
appropriate - its gender, case, number, person,
tense, and comparative degree. It also segments
compound ... prefixes
and suffixes and reverses the process of vowel
mutation if umlauts are found (shifts between B
744
and ss are treated analogously). Each root is
looked up in the lexicon,...
... Meeting of the ACL and the 4th IJCNLP of the AFNLP, pages 941–948,
Suntec, Singapore, 2-7 August 2009.
c
2009 ACL and AFNLP
A Comparative Study of Hypothesis Alignment and its Improvement
for ... co-
occurrence frequencies. They are association
score of the null-aligned word and its left word,
or the null-aligned word and its right word. We
use point-wise mutual informati...