... almostcertainly include pre-existing increased insulin resistance and dysfunction of beta cells. Insulin resistance is present in the acutely ill [13,15,18,28] in different intensity, but the factors ... such as interleukin-1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), causehyperglycaemia and peripheral insulin resistance byinducing the release of stress hormones. They also alterinsulin receptor ... at increased risk for developing diabetes. They should, therefore, be followed-up, in order to be timely diagnosed and treated.IntroductionHyperglycaemia commonly occurs in the course of anycritical...