... presence of 100 mMspermidine and spermine, the inactivation curve of 1.0 mgÆmL)1lysozymewas identical to that of 0.2 mgÆmL)1lysozyme. The rateconstants of inactivation in the presence of spermidine ... Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan;2Department of Bioscience,School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan;3Department of Synthetic Chemistry and ... precisemechanism of formation and inhibition of aggregates, ourdata imply that the formation of ion pairs with localnegative charges would effectively increase the net charge of the protein, leading to increased...