... k
train
(w) denote the number of
occurrences of w in the training corpus, and k
test
(w)
denote the number of occurrences of w in the test
corpus. We define the empirical discount of w to be
d(w) = k
train
(w) ... per-
vasive phenomenon of growing empirical discounts,
except in the case of extremely similar corpora.
Growing discounts of this sort were previously sug-
gested...
... measure of the degree of surprise of a
text or corpus given a language model. In our case,
we build a language model LM(M
r
) for the refer-
ence report M
r
, and measure the perplexity of the
contrastive ... U}
n-gram∈C
Count
where MU is the set of model units, Count
m
is
the maximum number of n-grams co-ocurring in a
peer summary and a model unit, and Count is the
numbe...
...
exist to the set of constraint equations, each varl in
the set of equations must have a solution. For exam-
ple, if 5 instances of sofas are known for varsola, but
every assignment of a value to ... de-
grees of strength) to some future course of action.
The only distinction is whether the commitment is
conditional on H's agreement (Offer) or not (Com-
mit). With an O...
... study.
Training Test
Num of Files 728 110
Num of Sentences 9,878 5,290
Num of Words 238,906 165,862
Num of Phrases 141,426 101,449
Table 2: Information of the CTB4 Corpus
3 Chinese Chunking
3.1 Models for ... conducted an empirical study of
Chinese chunking. We compared the performance
of four models, SVMs, CRFs, MBL, and TBL.
We also investigated the effects of using differ...
... functions, one for each
primitive attribute of the entity. A value tree is a
decomposition of the value of an entity into a
hierarchy of aspects of the entity
2
, in which the
leaves correspond ... User Model
Refiner (Figure 4 (3)) to produce a Refined
Model of the User’s Preferences (Figure 4 (4)).
At this point, the stage is set for argument
generation. Given the Refi...
... presence of alternative splicing
around the 5¢-end of exon 6 of Meis2 and Meis3 was tested by RT-PCR. The positions of molecular mass markers are shown to the left,
and the size in base pairs of the ... DNA-binding
cofactors [10–12]. Meis2 is a member of the TALE
superfamily of HD proteins, which are characterized
by the presence of a three amino acid loop insertion
between he...
... P
i
considerably affects the dynamics of the system. Indeed, in
the presence of 10 m
M
P
i
, the model indicates that the
catalytic rates of CGS and TS are divided by a factor of 6
and 11, respectively, ... a
computer model of the branch-point and validated it
in vitro. A satisfying but imperfect agreement of the
predictions with the experimental results lead us to improve
the...
... thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology.
John DeNero and Dan Klein. 2008. The complexity of
phrase alignment problems. In Proceedings of the 46th
Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics, ... Ignacio
Thayer. 2006. Scalable inference and training of
context-rich syntactic translation models. In Proceed-
ings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Associa...
... description of the most
familiar 28,000 words of Japanese.
1 Introduction
In this paper we describe the current state of a
new lexical resource: the Hinoki treebank. The
ultimate goal of our research ... syntac-
tic model is embodied in a grammar, while the se-
mantic model is linked by an ontology. This makes
it possible to test the use of similarity and/or se-
mantic class bas...
...
classes of the input analysis data (test data).
2. POPULARITY OF WORDS
CONSIDERING TIME-SERIES
VARIATION
2.1 Stability Classes of the Words:
To judge the index of popularity of words ... than that of straight line (2). The value of
the slice of regression straight line (1) is also higher
than that of regression straight line (2). So, we can
decide that the words...