Báo cáo khoa học: "Parsing with Treebank Grammars: Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Structure of the Penn Treebank" ppt

... Parsing with Treebank Grammars: Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Structure of the Penn Treebank Dan Klein and Christopher D. ManningComputer Science ... @cs.stanford.eduAbstractThis paper presents empirical studies and closely corresponding theoretical models of the performance of a chart parser exhaus-tively parsing the Penn Treebank with the Treebank s own CFG grammar. ... NN:[2,3])3.1 Time The parser has an theoretical time bound,where is the number of words in the sentence to beparsed, is the number of nonterminal categories in the grammar and is the number of (active)...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Parsing with generative models of predicate-argument structure" pptx

... same span and the same categoryare considered equivalent if they delay the evalua-tion of the probabilities of the same words and ifthey have the same number of lexical heads, and if the ﬁrst ... between the dependency relations of Hij and geeft in the ﬁrst sentence, bloem and geeft in the second sen-tence and politieman and geeft in the third sentence.Even with the indices, either the ... occurrences of the head noun. In particular, all instances of the noun and verb occurring together in the training data (with the same predicate-argument relation betweenthem, but not necessarily with the...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Parsing with an Extended Domain of Locality" pot

... upper feature structure at the VP node of the tree for bought, and the feature structure at the foot of the tree for has is unified with the lower feature structure at the VP node of the tree for ... trees the anchor is also the head of the tree and becomes the head of the tree resulting from the adjunction. In modifier auxiliary trees, the anchor is not the head of the tree, and the sub- ... When the tree for has is ad- joined at the VP node the agr features of the sub- ject will agree with those of bought. The feature structure at the root of the tree for has is unified with the...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Parsing with polymorphism" doc

... ing the degree of a cut to be the sum of sizes of the proofs of its two premises, where the size is the number of nodes in the proof. 3 2.2 Difficulties in deciding L(/,\,v)}-T ::¢, x So the ... r. Then one defines two things: a degree of the Cut leading to r, and a transformation taking the proof of r to an alternative proof of r, such that either the trans- formed proof of ... proof of a sequent with a positive occurrence of ViX.X/X and with non-zero path, then there must occur higher in the proof, a sequent with V,.X.X/X occurring again positively and this time with...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Parsing with Discontinuous Constituents" pot

... the nature of the mapping between c -structure and f- structure enables it to achieve many of the effects o[ discontinuous ¢onstituenta, even though the phrase structure component (the c- structure) ... p.297), the c -structure is relatively impoverished, and the morphology' on the lexica~ items identifies the component of the f -structure they supply information to. For example, the c -structure ... other approaches to free word order: the ID/LP rule format of GPSG, and the non-configurational encod- ing of LFG. [ have omitted a discussion of the scrambling and rais- ing rules of Standard...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: High-afﬁnity ligand binding by wild-type/mutant heteromeric complexes of the mannose pptx

... described above. Tethering of both sides of the dimer likely mimics the structure obtained whenanchored in the membrane, in accordance with the notion that this structure is the receptor’s normal ... employing solubleforms of the receptor [25,26,34], indicates that the ectodomain of the receptor is capable of dimer forma-tion in the absence of ligand.Afﬁnity cross-linking of [125I]IGF-II to ... of this type exhibit the predictedamount of binding only if the heterodimer is tetheredby the wild-type partner. By contrast, we found that, if the heterodimer is tethered to the resin by the...

Báo cáo khoa học: Copper-containing nitrite reductase fromPseudomonas chlororaphis DSM 50135 Evidence for modulation of the rate of intramolecular electron transfer through nitrite binding to the type 2 copper center pot

... and Shain, and plotted vs. the inverse of the scan rate. The plotsyielded straight lines, confirming the applicability of the Nicholson and Shain theory to the present system, and the variation of the ... concentrations of nitrate [17] and nitrite [18], the pO2 and the pH of the medium weremonitored, and the composition of the gaseous phase in the fermentor was analyzed by mass spectrometry. At the end of ... suggests the existence of modifications in the catalytic center of the enzyme. These modifications may beattributed to either the presence of the substrate and/ or aproduct in the vicinity of the T2Cu...

Báo cáo khoa học: A steady-state modeling approach to validate an in vivo mechanism of the GAL regulatory network in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ppt

... togene expression. The status of the switch is determined by the state of the upstream regulatory element of the GALgenes in the nucleus. The regulatory protein may bind to the upstream regulatory ... [8,9]. Another mechanismthat plays an important role in deciding the status of the switch is the distribution of the protein between the nucleus and cytoplasm. This is accomplished either bynucleocytoplasmic ... representation of candidate models, Model II and Model III, for the GAL genetic switch in the presence of galactose.Model II assumes that act ivated Gal3p e nters the n ucleus and binds t o the Gal80p...

Báo cáo khoa học: 15-Deoxy D12,14-prostaglandin J2 suppresses transcription by promoter 3 of the human thromboxane A2 receptor gene through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c in human erythroleukemia cells ppt

... provide further evidence for the role of PPARc in the regulation of TP gene expression within the vasculature and point to further critical differencesinto the modes of regulation of TPa and TPb ... coincubation with both the PPARc and RXRa proteins with the radiolabelled PPARc ⁄ RXR probe B. On the otherhand, neither the individual PPARc2 or RXRa pro-teins nor the PPARc–RXRa heterodimer bound to the ... (DR5). These dataprovide direct evidence for the role of PPARc in the regulation of humanTP gene expression within the vasculature and point to further critical dif-ferences in the modes of transcriptional...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Phrase-based Statistical Language Generation using Graphical Models and Active Learning" potx

... food(Indian),near (The Red Lion)). The order of the constraintsin the description was randomised to reduce the effect of priming. The annotators were then askedto align the attributes (e.g., Indicate the ... (9) with P (R|Sm) defined in (2).3. Retrain the model with the additional k data points. The number of utterances to be queried k shoulddepend on the flexibility of the annotators and the time ... yielding ratings close to the hu-man gold standard with a fraction of the data.1 Introduction The field of natural language generation (NLG) isone of the last areas of computational linguistics...

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