... (Jelinek and Lafferty, 1991; Stol-cke, 1995) and approaches to exploit such algo-rithms to produce n-gram models (Stolcke and Se-gal, 1994; Jurafsky et al., 1995). The work of Chelba and Jelinek ... shift-reduce parser to enable the probability of words to be conditioned onk previous c-commanding lexical heads, rather thansimply on the previous k words. Incremental top-down and left-corner ... deriva-tion strategy from Chelba and Jelinek, and used theparse probabilities directly to calculate the stringprobabilities. This work made use of a left -to- right,top-down, beam-search parser,...