... scale, the Ä4appearance of 11 1 surfaces of the Si crystals paral-lel to the axes of the nanowires reduces the systemenergy. Combined, these factors determine the ²:growth direction of Si nanowires ... below. Si O™ Si qSiO x )1 Ž.xxy1 and 2SiO™ SiqSiO .2These decompositions result in the precipitation of silicon nanoparticles, i.e. the nuclei of Si nanowires, clad by shells of silicon oxide as ... due to the small size effect of Si wxnanocrystals or defects 11 ,16 since there were manynanoparticles in the product, as well as Si nanowires wxcontaining a high-density of defects 10 ,11 . In...