Báo cáo khoa học: Pyruvate metabolism in rat liver mitochondria What is optimized at steady state? pptx

... Urbanczik Pyruvate metabolism in rat liver mitochondria FEBS Journal 272 (2005) 6244–6253 ª 2005 FEBS No claim to original US government works 6253 Pyruvate metabolism in rat liver mitochondria What is ... Oxaloacetate + H2O fi Citrate + CoASH Citrate synthase 2.3.3.1.7 Pyruvate + ATP + CO2fi Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi Pyruvate carboxylase 6.4.1.1.8 Citrate fi Isocitrate Aconitate hydratase 4.2.1.39 Isocitrate ... Isocitrate fi Citrate Aconitate hydratase 4.2.1.3.10 Isocitrate + NAD+fi 2 -Oxoglutarate + NADH + H++CO2Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.41.11 2 -Oxoglutarate + NAD++ CoASH fi Succinyl-CoA...

Báo cáo khoa học: Energy metabolism in tumor cells pot

... than in liver mitochondria) owing to adefect in the transformation of citrate into 2-oxogluta-rate (i.e. failure in both aconitase and isocitratedehydrogenase activities), which induces citrate ... remains to be determined. For instance, in AS-30D and HeLa cells, the rate of respiration was85–90% sensitive to oligomycin, a speciﬁc ATP syn-thase inhibitor, indicating that the remaining ... blockstowards a common intermediate, M. Variations in the steady- state activity of enzyme blocks can be attainedby adding different concentrations of the initial sub-strate or inhibitors of either...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Proteasome involvement in the degradation of the Gq family of Ga subunits pptx

... wild-type protein at 0 h). Nevertheless, itcould also be explained by changes in translation ormaturation of the protein. An increase was alsoobserved in the rate of degradation of the remainingmutant ... after incubation with[35S]methionine may indicate an alteration in the rateof its degradation during the labeling period. In fact,only 15% of35S-labeled mutant protein remains (vs.100% ... results demonstrate that the rateof G protein degradation is independent of ligand acti-vation.The observation that ligand activation did not pro-duce any change in protein degradation could...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Word Order in German: A Formal Dependency Grammar Using a Topological Hierarchy" pptx

... domain put their dependents in a com-mon pot. In other words, there is no scram-bling in German, or more precisely, there is noadvantage in assuming an operation that de-rives ‘scrambled’ sentences ... of communi-cative type: In (2a), the fact of reading thebook is marked (as in Reading the book, no-body promised him that), whereas (2b) is neu-tral in this respect (Nobody promised him toread ... suffices to explainthe cases of ‘double flip’ as in (4b) givingV1V2V4V3). Note that the dependent of haben‘have’ is the bare infinitive. This form, calledthe Ersatzinfinitiv, is also possible...

Báo cáo khoa học: Protein transport in organelles: Protein transport into and across the thylakoid membrane pptx

... role becauseit stimulates integration of LHCP into the membrane in a mechanism that is independent of the DpH [6].Intriguingly, some interesting phenotypes haveemerged in studies on cpSRP mutants. ... prerequisite to Tat transport, folding is notrequired for translocation of Tat substrates in chlorop-lasts [18]. Figure 1 summarizes the differing mecha-nisms of the Sec and Tat pathways in chloroplasts.The ... sequentialankyrin repeats that are located between CD1 andCD2 ⁄ CD3 [51]. These ankyrin repeats (ANK 1–4) havebeen implicated in protein–protein interactions and arelikely to be involved in complex formation....

Báo cáo khoa học: "Categorial Fluidity in Chinese and its Implications for Part-of-speech Tagging" pptx

... asymmetry between nominalisation and ver-balisation in Chinese was observed in Tai (1997).116 In other words, verbs are more freely deverbal-ised than nouns denominalised. This fluidity be-tween ... There is no one-to-one relationshipbetween grammatical function and syntacticcategory. As in (3), the word Ca (sing) is thepredicate in (a) but is the modifier in (b).(3)a. ftrga (he sings)to] ... originally a noun and is occasionally denominalised (i.e. beginning toshift).Preliminary analysis of the data shows thatabout 58% of the words have r > 0.3, that is, verbusage at least doubles...

Báo cáo khoa học: Collective behavior in gene regulation: The cell is an oscillator, the cell cycle a developmental process doc

... compilation ª 2008 FEBSamplitude of the oscillation. Inherent in many of thestarting points for analysis of microarray data is theidea that the underlying process involves cells thatexist at ... maximums in expression at differing phases,it is the collective copy number that is critical tosustained oscillations [38–40]. What s next? What is needed?As impressive as the yeast gated synchrony ... only during the time that H2Srelease has poisoned mitochondria and prevented res-piration is an evolutionarily important event. It is notso clear that the inverse is true, that is, that cells...

Báo cáo khoa học: Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and bifunctional aldehyde–alcohol dehydrogenase are essential for energy metabolism under oxidative stress in Entamoeba histolytica pdf

... whereas pyruvate exacerbated, inactivationinduced by short-term saturating O2exposure. Superoxide dismutase wasmore effective than catalase in preventing the inactivation, indicating thatreactive ... were incubated in O2-saturated buffer on ice, and samples were withdrawn at different times to determine PFORactivity at 37 °C. For reactivation, the sample was incubated in O2-saturated ... susceptible to inacti-vation under aerobic conditions. Our results indicatedthat, under saturating O2conditions, the enzyme wasfully inactivated after a short incubation (30 min). At this time,...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Emerging pathways in genetic Parkinson’s disease: Potential role of ceramide metabolism in Lewy body disease pptx

... proposethat pathology data will, in most cases, be moreinsightful than clinical data in deﬁning the disease.This is based on what we have learned from otherneurodegenerative diseases with inclusion ... calcium-independentphospholipase A2participates in ER stress-inducedINS-1 insulinoma cell apoptosis by promoting cera-mide generation via hydrolysis of sphingomyelins byneutral sphingomyelinase. Biochemistry 46, 10170–10185.26 ... clearly involved in ceramide metabolism and that cause diseases in which Lewybodies are known to be abundant; (b) genes that maybe involved in ceramide metabolism and cause diseases in which...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Pyruvate reduces DNA damage during hypoxia and after reoxygenation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells pptx

... supplementation.Together, these data indicate that pyruvate is aprecursor of glutathione under normoxic conditionsthrough glutamate generated by oxidative metabolism (Fig. 6). However, pyruvate ... 19%, data notshown). This is in line with our previous work [29]indicating enhancement of glycolysis activity in thepresence of pyruvate. Increased glycolysis might thusmaintain the ATP supply ... Furthermore, thisstudy provides additional data conﬁrming that what- ever the underlying mechanisms at work, the presenceof pyruvate is undesirable in tumor cells. Indeed, con-trolling pyruvate levels...

Xem thêm