... sense of humour: the informationdemands in genomicsarestaggering. The genomecontainstwokinds of digitalinformation,onethatencodes the proteinandRNA‘molecularmachines of life’,and the otherbeing the regulatorynetworksthatspecifyhowthesegenesareexpressed in time,spaceandamplitude.DNAinformationislayeredandarranged in ahierarchy,startingwith the gene,then the RNA, then the protein, then the protein interactions, then the proteincomplexes,then the networks of proteincomplexes in a cell,then the tissues andorgans,then the individualorganism,followedbypopulationsand the ecosystems in whichtheylive. In thiskind of discoveryscience,masteringsuchvastquantities of informationtoanswerimportantquestionsisaskilland an art.And the hardware? The firstautomatedsequencingmachinetookaday, in 1986,tosequence250 of the threebillionbasepairs.Ittook the humangenomeprojecttenyearstosequence the humangenome,twoyearsshorterthanpredicted;and the privatecompanyCelerawithitsso-calledshotgunapproachtooklessthan the publicconsortium’s ... Or,perhaps,itrelatedtotradingwithneighbours,or,moreonadeeplyexistentiallevel,observing the astronomical,with,asGeorgesIfrahputsitsobeautifully in the Universalhistory of numbers,afascinationwith the regularity of the phases of the moon, the eternalreturn of dayandnight, the cycle of the seasons’or,wemightadd,given the context, the ellipticalphases of the tides of greatandmarvellousoceans(Ifrah2000:xvi). In the history of counting, the SanandKhoiperhapsjoinedotherhumanbeingsand, in observingthatbirdshavetwowings,animalsfourlegs,andtheytenfingerstotheirhandsandtentoestotheirfeet,developedanumberingsystemusingtheirfingersortoesas the baseten, the mostcommontype of countingfoundamongearlierpeoples.Orperhapstheyjoined the Mayans,Aztecs,CeltsandBasqueswholookeddownattheirfeetandrealisedthattheirtoescouldbecountedlikefingersandchose the muchmoreunusualarithmeticbase of 20.SCI ... waspreserved in Arabicmanuscripts’(Lewontin1995:148).Thereisnoquestionthat the libraries of Alexandriawerecentralto the cityand the broadregionincludingwhattodayis the Middle-East,NorthAfricaandmuch of CentralandWesternEurope;thattheywerenot the onlyonestoexistbutwerepart of alargerset of institutionstoemergefrom the concatenations of cultural,scholarlyandotherareas of learningandapplication of whatwerethen the advancedsocieties of thispart of the world. The agency of theirruinisnotsocertain,neitherisitclearwhatitwas in volumeandsubstance...