... corresponds to exactlyone of the outcomes of the random variable¯X, so it is natural to assign probability 1/8 to each of these. We assign probability 0 to the other 16 outcomes. In eachcase, the probability ... up heads with probability p, and tails with probability q. Now suppose that this coin is tossed twice. Usinga frequency interpretation of probability, it is reasonable to assign to the outcome(H, ... age 60, while 57.062% can expect to live to age 80. Given that a woman is 60, what is the probability that she lives to age 80?This is an example of a conditional probability. In this case, the...