... Krätli, and David Anderson). From the nineteenth century on, the professionalization of veterinary medicine was supported by improvements in the understanding of disease etiologies and the efficacy ... microbiology and the discovery of vaccines, the ecology and control of arthropod borne diseases, and the dangers of plant poisonings, thereby giving scientists direct agency in the construction of veterinary ... spread of foot -and- mouth disease in Europe. The increasing authority of the veterinary regime was underpinned by the professionalization of veterinary medicine, as educational standards for professional...