... Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Of ce on Smoking and Health, 2006. 9 Bernstein J A, Alexis N, Bacchus H, et al. The health effects of ... smoke and ill health. One of the mechanisms linking poverty to disease is through the domestic inhalation of solid fuel smoke.1082 The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease HEALTH ... that pov-erty, lack of education, and a lack of awareness were the major factors affecting choice of cooking fuel, place of cooking, and level of respiratory health. 16In developing countries,...