... reject the null hypothesis that, at mean production, inputs, and quasi-fixed factor, the industry in the United States operated under constant returns to capital stock utilization. Further, ... industry’s cost function provides information on various production and cost characteristics, including scale economies, input demands, substitution elasticities, and measures of average and ... of the explanation for the changing industry structure is the competitive pressures from Europe, Asia, and South America. As a proportion of world consumption of pulp and paper, the U. S. industry...