Báo cáo khoa học: "Cutting the Long Tail: Hybrid Language Models for Translation Style Adaptation" doc

... to their class just before querying the hybrid LM, therefore translation models can betrained on plain un-tagged data.As exempliﬁed in Table 4, hybrid LMs candraw useful statistics on the ... - 27 2012.c2012 Association for Computational LinguisticsCutting the Long Tail: Hybrid Language Models for Translation Style AdaptationArianna Bisazza and Marcello FedericoFondazione Bruno ... the graph.Tree Tagger (Schmid, 1994) and then choosing the most likely tag for each word type. In thisway, we avoid the overload of searching for the best tagging decisions at run-time at the...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A Meta-Level Grammar: Redefining Synchronous TAG for Translation and Paraphrase" doc

... must occur at the other end, which is situated in the other tree of the same tree pair. Thus if the tree for John in a7 is substituted at E] in the left tree of a6, the tree for Jean must ... level specifies the grouping or structure of these trees. Then the mapping takes place on these structures, rather than the object-level trees; hence the need for a grammar at the meta-level ... grammar for the left projection then looks as in Figure 9, and for the right projection as in Figure 10. • Figure 11 contains the meta-meta-level trees, the tree pair that is the derivation of the...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Expanding the Horizons of Natural Language Interfaces" doc

... implicitly adopted the position that their user's input encodes a request for intormation of; action, and that their job is tO decode the request, retrieve the information, or perform the action, ... situations, the listener's interpretations may be other than the speaker intends, and speakers may compensate for such distortions in the way they construct their utterances. While these problems ... by, say, making the border of the corresponding window dilferent from nil the rest. Suppose in the previous example IIlat at the time the system displays the alternative Smiths. the user decides...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Discovering the Discriminative Views: Measuring Term Weights for Sentiment Analysis" doc

... dif-ferences. For the TREC dataset, BM25 performedbetter than the other models, and for the NTCIRdataset, VS performed better.Our features of the topic association modelshow mild improvement over the ... mea-sures. Among the topic association models, PMIperforms the best in MAP and R-prec, while WPachieved the biggest improvement in P@10.Since BM25 performs the best among the wordgeneration models, ... is the frequency of w in d, | d | is the number of unique terms in d, avgdl is the average| d | of all documents, N is the number of doc- uments in the collection, df(w) is the number ofdocuments...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Word representations: A simple and general method for semi-supervised learning" doc

... vocabulary words. They performhard clustering using the Viterbi algorithm.(Alternately, they could keep the soft clustering,with the representation for a particular word tokenbeing the posterior ... understand if the infor-mation they provide mostly overlaps with that of the word representations.After each epoch over the training set, wemeasured the accuracy of the model on the development ... which is then transformed into a feature vectorusing a one-hot representation: The feature vectorhas the same length as the size of the vocabulary,and only one dimension is on. However, the one-hot...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "An Affect-Enriched Dialogue Act Classification Model for Task-Oriented Dialogue" doc

... Indicator for the display of the brow lowerer within 1 second prior to this utterance being sent, for the most recent three utterances • AU4_5sec: Indicator for the display of the brow lowerer ... confusion. 1194 Figure 2. Other facial expressions from the corpus 5 Models The goal of the modeling experiment was to de-termine whether the addition of confusion-related facial ... specified by the coders. Because the two coders were not required to tag at the same point in time, but rather were permitted the free-dom to stop the video at any point where they felt a notable...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "You’ve Got Answers: Towards Personalized Models for Predicting Success in Community Question Answering" doc

... delay the question appears in the respective category list of open questions. Atthis point, other users can answer the question, voteon other users’ answers, or interact in other ways. The asker ... un-known if the asker’s information need was satisﬁed.Based on our exploration we believe that the mainreasons for not “closing” a question are a) the askerloses interest in the information ... the askeris satisﬁed with the response. But often the askernever closes the answer personally, and instead, af-ter a period of time, the question is closed automat-ically. In this case, the...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Towards History-based Grammars: Using Richer Models for Probabilistic Parsing*" docx

... model. For the mo- ment, we are using n-gram models with the usual deleted interpolation for smoothing for the other four components of the model. We have assigned bit strings to the syntactic ... sentences for which the correct parse is proposed among the many parses that the grammar provides for a sentence. We also measure the parse base, which is defined as the geomet- ric mean of the ... quantify the ambiguity of the grammar. • the Viterbi rate defined as the percentage of sentences for which the most likely parse is consis- tent. The any-contsistentt rate is a measure of the...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Faster and Smaller N -Gram Language Models" pptx

... ˆwn−11is the the longest sufﬁx ofwn−11contained in the language model. We can thenquickly form the context encoding of the next queryby simply concatenating the new word with the off-set ... return the valuestored in the cache. Otherwise, we fetch the lan-guage model probability from the language modeland place the new key and value in the cache, evict-ing the old key in the process. ... compute the probability for an n-gram (wn, c(wn−11)) whenwn−11is not in the language model, the result will be the same as the result of the query (wn, c( ˆwn−11). Itis therefore...

... steps. The randomvariable τ represents the number of time steps the agent takes to complete a subtask. Actions can beeither primitive or composite. The former yield sin-gle rewards, the latter ... derived from the Forwardalgorithm, of an observation sequence to inform the agent’s learning process.r =0 for reaching the goal state+1 for a desired ... greedy policy is informedonly by the HMM and always chooses the most4An example for the state variables of model M11are the annotation values in Fig. 1 which are used as the agent’sknowledge...

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