... 6B), and found to be
in good agreement with data reported in the literature,
showing an IC
50
value of approximately 2 lm for CSA
[59], and inhibition of 24% and 38% with 5 mm
3-NPA [61] and 1 ... min at 37 °C, and stopped with
3.66
M sulfuric acid. Each reaction well was duplicated (odd and
even lines). Wells in lines 1 and 2 were used to construct a calibra-
tion curve,...
... Spoken Language Translation 2005.
Philipp Koehn, Franz J. Och, and Daniel Marcu. 2003.
Statistical Phrase-based Translation. In Proceed-
ings of the Human Language Technology Confe-
rence and ... in addition to the
word translation model and position distribution
model. And these three models are similar, ex-
cept for the word distortion models.
One-to-one and many-to...
... GEMINI: A NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEM FOR
SPOKEN -LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING*
John Dowding, Jean Mark Gawron, Doug Appelt,
John Bear, Lynn Cherny, Robert Moore, and Douglas Moran
SRI ... INTRODUCTION
Gemini is a natural language (NL) under-
standing system developed for spoken language
applications. This paper describes the details of
the system, and includes relevant measureme...
... understand, the program should
understand. For example, a natural language front
end to a stock market database should understand
that
(1) Did IBM go up yesterday?
refers to PRZCE and not ...
knowledge of the English language. Yet they are
standard usage for people who communicate with each
other about drilling data, and any systss that
claims t~o provide a natural lang...
... issues in natural language
(NL) access to databases in the light of an
experimental NL questlon-answering system, Chat,
which I wrote with Fernando Perelra at Edinburgh
University, and which ... query language. Moreover, the
efficiency of the DEC-10 Prolog implementation is
comparable both with compiled Lisp [9] and with
current relational database systems [6] (for
data...
... improve and extend the
capabilities and coverage of natural language
interfaces. Thus, work has focused on constructing
and using new formalisms (both syntactically and
semantically based) and ... in the natural
language interface to attempt to input a wide range
of sentences, most of which will be understood.
However, natural language interfaces with the
ability...
... from sales and added to marketing (and vice
versa for Jones)? Or, should Smith and Jones remain fixed points
while all other sales and marketing employees are swapped? As
Kaplan and Davidson ... of the underlying domain is built and queried, one that
models actions, including their preconditions and consequences,
and knows about objects, relations, and entailments.
So, d...
... from
a database can expect the retrieval to take time, with or
without a natural language interface. Of course speed is
desirable, and waiting for answers to apparently simple re-
quests ...
generalizing systems to cope with more than one natural
language. Work on language universals gives reason to be-
lieve that some significant part of a natural language system
fo...
... grammatical sentences with a script
that randomly deletes, inserts, or misspells a word;
and Och et al. (2004) and Cherry and Quirk (2008)
both use the 1-best output of a machine translation
system. ... a pre-
liminary machine translation experiment.
1 Introduction
N-gram language models are a central component
of all speech recognition and machine translation
systems, and...
... c
k
’s lift and right siblings, CFG rewrite
rule that expands c
k
and c
k
’s parent (from (Ding
and Chang, 2008)).
3.2 New Word Features
We introduce some new features which can be
extracted without ... information of sub-trees in a given
parse. With help of these new features, our sys-
tem achieves 93.49 F-measure with hand-crafted
parses. Comparison with the best reported result...