... considera-
tion of a number of factors. Foremost among
these is the necessity of breaking down a prob-
lem as complex as that of mechanical transla-
tion into a number of problems each of which is ... the framework of one language. In con-
sidering the translation of a certain German
verb form into English, it is necessary to un-
derstand the German verb form as part...
... order of noun phrases. A solu-
tion to problems of this sort is a prerequisite for high-quality
language generation. The linguistic framework of Generalized
Phrase Structure Grammar offers ... best overview of the current GPSG framework can be found in Gazdar
and Pullum (1982). For :t description of the II)/LP format refer to Gazdar
and Pullum (Ig8l} and Klein
(1983),...
... paper, we examine
one of such problems, the problem of automatic
figurative language use detection. We propose a
framework for figurative language detection based
on the idea of sense differentiation. ... harmonic mean of
precision and recall, i.e.,
F
1
=
2 × Pr × Re
P r + Re
.
Table 1 shows the results of the clustering. For
9 expressions out of 10, the clustering accuracy
is...
... especially in combination with a part -of-
speech analysis (Popovi
´
c et al., 2006).
Human evaluation is also often quantitative, for
instance in the form of estimates of values such as
adequacy and ... search for in the error typology, and
then search backwards or forwards for error annota-
tions of that type. It is possible both to search for
specific errors deep in the typol...
... previously
demonstrated the application of this method to the
determination of the glycan structure of a form of
AFP [10]. However, identification of the details of a
glycan structural change on a ... microarray system is the best tool
for a ‘cell profiler’, and it is expected to be applicable
for selection of cancer-specific lectins and for quality
control of stem cells be...
... follow:
P =
the number of correctly tagged labels
the number of tagged labels
R =
the number of correctly tagged labels
the number of reference labels
F =
2*P*R
P+R
(8)
4.2 Contribution of feature sets
We ... showed that most of the participants in the developing countries are ready
to introduce qualitative changes in the pattern of their lives for the sake of reducing the...
... isoforms, isoenzymes, monomeric forms;
assay for selective cytotoxicity of the enzyme. Methods Enzymol.
341, 248–263.
13. Kunitz, M. (1946) A spectrophotometric method for the meas-
urement of ... antitumor action of BS-
RNase, it has been recognized that the dimeric structure of
the enzyme is essential for its display of cytotoxic activity
[3]. This conclusion was based on th...
...
Preparation
of Error-Patterns:
As the threshold value
for the frequency of the occurrence, we employed a value
of not less than 2, therefore we obtained 629 Error-Pattems
using the 4321 results of ... value for the frequency
of the occurrence, and 10 as the length of a string,
therefore obtaining 16655 strings.
3.2 Two Factors for Evaluation
We evaluated the following...
... of an object is
composed of a conditional part and a descrip-
tive part. The conditional part is a list of
properties of the object and of its situation
in the sentence. The former kind of ... Herskovits' idea of
the
ideal meaning
of a preposition (Herskovits
1986) and Lakoff's idea of Idealized Cognitive
Models (ICM's) (Lakoff 1987). A central part
o...
... pair of proposed sentence pairs, based on the
ratio of lengths of the two sentences (in
characters) and the variance of this ratio. This
probabilistic score is used in a dynamic
programming framework ... compare
performance across different algorithms in a
straightforward fashion.
The program made 36 errors out of 621 total
alignments (5.8%) for English-French, and 19
e...