... other individual in the
population in a preprocessing minor cycle. (Newborn
HISTORICAL CHANGE IN LANGUAGE
79
babies were omitted.) Rule 1 of the model, governing
probability of interaction, ...
KLEIN
HISTORICAL CHANGE IN LANGUAGE
77
78
KLEIN
tion of the rules in parsing and generation. The use of
subscripts as a factor in computing frequency...
... particularly useful in a
bilingual context for rules that have more than
one prefix in both languages: more than one affix
can be declared in one single rule, the selection
being made according to different ... the languages con-
cerned. On a practical point of view, the typol-
ogy has been built up by summing up various
descriptions of prefixation in various languages
(Montermi...
... Nevertheless, since we use a
uniform amount of training data for every language,
and since varying γ would prevent us from improv-
ing the efficiency of dynamic programming, as ex-
plained in §4, in this ... there is no input text of an unknown
language without learning data. In other words,
we use supervised learning. In line with recent
trends in unsupervised segmentation, the...
... the information gained by giving a joint descrip-
tion of a and b in terms of what they have in com-
mon, compared to describing a and b separately.
The relevant data in the lexical domain is ... they
had distinct types (e.g. duke, prince, bachelor). In
the other half, entities were of the same type, that
is the NPs introducing them had the same nominal
head, but had distinguishing ad...
... while maintaining the efficiency
of the rule approach in terms of parsing.
2. Compiling Zero Morphemes
In natural language processing, simply
proposing zero morphemes at each juncture in a
given ...
given input string during parsing would be a
nightmare of inefficiency. However, using the
fact that there are only a few binary rules in
Categorial Grammar and each zero morph...
... matter how different their internal
structures may be, by using the perplexity statistic
introduced in [6]; the perplexity, computed by applying a
language model in predictive normal form to ...
maximum-likelihood decoding of speech or handwriting), the
purpose of the language- handling component (Language
Model) is to estimate the linguistic (a priori) probability of
arbitrar...
... corpora, i.e., in reducing useless bilingual
term pairs and in increasing the estimated confi-
dence of useful bilingual term pairs.
More specifically, first, a reduced but cross-
lingually more ... correspondences.
4.3.2 Rates of Containing Correct Bilingual
Term Pairs
Next, we evaluate the following rate of containing
correct bilingual term correspondences:
{TP(tE)
correct bilingual te...
...
The SRI Core Language Engine (CLE; A1-
shawi et al, 1988a,b) is a domain indepen-
dent system for translating English sen-
tences into formal representations of their
literal meanings which ... linguistic features would allow gen-
uinely novel entries to be created, which,
given that the user is a non-linguist, Would
almost certainly lead to inconsistencies.
In addition, endowing...
... frequency in time units, as
in every 5 minutes.
Duration of an action - delimiting the
interval
Here, Karlin enumerates the following kinds of
modifier:
• explicit duration in time intervals ... all processes in the cooking domain must have
culminations. The validity of this approach is dis-
cussed in the next section. However, before doing
that we examine Karlin's fina...
... modify a definition. In each
case, the same methods are available for making
definitions, and are independent of the modifier type
being defined. When creating or modifying a
meaning, users ... TEL1 to begin learning about
a new domain, the system spends from five to thirty
minutes, depending on the complexity of the
application, obtaining basic information about each
table in the...