... grateful to Orazio Attanasio, Jean-Marie Baland, LeoFeler, Fred Finan, Sarah Green, Seema Jayachandran, Dean Karlan, Ethan Ligon, Craig McIntosh, DavidMcKenzie, John Strauss, Dean Yang, Chris ... two anonymous referees, and participants at numer-ous seminars and conferences. We thank Jack Adika and Anthony Oure for their dedication and care insupervising the data collection, and Nathaniel ... Nathaniel Wamkoya for outstanding data entry. We thank Eva Ka-plan, Katherine Conn, Sefira Fialkoff, and Willa Friedman for excellent field research assistance, and thankInnovations for Poverty Action...