... Due to the neglect of the dynamic saturation gradients, the steep saturation gradients near the front at early time decayed at later stages. Therefore, for the long-term CR process, the Washburn ... to the experiment, a stable water level in the reservoir was kept by the overhead tank. Once the bottom of the capillary tube contacted with water in the reservoir, the dynamic movement of the ... the thermal performance of BHEs. This paper presented a novel method determining the hydraulic permeability of sand layer using the theory of capillary rise (CR). In this method, based on the...