... successfully, further elucidationof the biology of the disease and the implementation of thisknowledge in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic modalitiesremains the major challenge for clinicians and scientists ... However, the results for surgery were significantly better than for endotherapy(Table 50.2) [38]. The study has been criticized for the random-ization, which was agreed to by only 51.4% of the patients. For ... pancreatic cancers lose both the INK4A and the ARF transcripts, thereby disrupting both the Rb and the p53 tumor-suppression pathways (see below), germline and sporadic mutations in the p16 gene where...