... Poster Sessions, pages 33–40,Sydney, July 2006.c2006 Association for Computational LinguisticsA Phrase- based Statistical Model for SMS Text Normalization AiTi Aw, Min Zhang, Juan Xiao, Jian ... substitution transformations, but inadequate to address the insertion transforma-tion. For example, the lingoes “duno”, “ysnite” have to be normalized using an insertion trans-formation to become ... call this updated model a phrase- based nor-malization model. normalization with a total of 2300 transforma-tions. Substitution accounts for almost 86% of all transformations. Deletion and...