... Linguistics
Which words are hard to recognize?
Prosodic, lexical, and disfluency factors that increase ASR error rates
Sharon Goldwater, Dan Jurafsky and Christopher D. Manning
Department of Linguistics and ... turn.
However, few of these factors have been for-
mally examined. This paper analyzes a variety
of lexical, prosodic, and disfluency factors...
... processed
in a way identical to that for Sno1p up to the cell
disruption step. The supernatant was subjected to DEAE-
cellulose chromatography (2 · 10 cm, Whatman, Maid-
stone, UK) and protein was eluted ... significantly. In light of the fact that a ketopentose
seems to be a component of the skeleton of pyridoxine in
yeast and related organisms (see below), dihydroxyacetone
ph...
... reparandum, an interruption point, and the alter-
ation. The reparandum contains the words that the
speaker means to replace, including both words that
are in error and words that will be retraced. The ... endorsed by
the sponsors.
words that are meant to replace the words in the
reparandum.
Recent advances in recognizing spontaneous
speech with repairs (Hale e...
... also
tend to share their neighboring words.
Adapted co-occurrence (ACO): Conventional
CO features generally adopt a stop list to filter out
function words. However, some of the functions
words, prepositions ... syntactic
information into the feature space.
SCF+CO: Another way to mix syntactic informa-
tion with lexical information is to use subcategoriza-
tion frames and co-occur...
...
encompassing both EFL and DBL. If we allow the full
generality of that approach, however, it leads to
the use of algorithms which are not efficient and
which are not guaranteed to terminate. An ... languages are defined in Scha (1976), Lands-
bergen and Scha (1979), and Bronnenberg et a1.(1980).
2 In previous papers it has been pointed out that
this idea, taken st...
... specifically localized to dendrites and
soma, although not to axons. The expression of three
other KIND2-containing constructs (DKIND1, DRasN
and DGEF) was restricted to dendrites and soma
(Fig. 1B). ... is
involved in targeting to neuronal dendrites and
dendrite growth
We next investigated the MAP2 binding core of
v-KIND in terms of its ability to target to dendrites
and...
... inhibitor of CAD
[14,24].
Mitochondrial DNA fragmentation-inducing
factor: EndoG, AIF
Several pro-apoptotic proteins exist in mitochondria
and are released during apoptosis. These include
apoptosis-inducing ... Ser112 and Ser136, Bad is dephospho-
rylated at Ser155, which allows translocation to
mitochondria and the binding of Bcl-xL [86], and
increases the release of cytochrome c...
... heterodimerized to anti-
apoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as Mcl-1 and
Bcl-xL; however, once the cell is exposed to an apop-
totic stimulus, Bax is translocated to the mitochondria
[43] and induces mitochondrial ... characterized by the permeabili-
zation of the outer mitochondrial membrane and the
release of several pro-apoptotic factors into the
cytoplasm. For mitochondrial...
... feeding compared to the wild-
type (Fig. 2B). In contrast, liver weights were unaltered
in the RMI1 + ⁄ ) mice compared to the wild-type, and
Table 1. Metabolic parameters for RMI1+ ⁄ + and RMI1+ ... mice
fed a high-fat diet are resistant to weight
gain and are hypophagic. Male wild-type
(RMI1+ ⁄ +) and mutant (RMI1+ ⁄ )) mice
(n = 6 per group) were fed a normal diet
(ND; 10...
... a
plausible mechanism to explain our data. In general,
not all proteins are degraded to the same extent and at
the same rate. The autophagy route to degradation,
which is often considered to be unspecific, ... function g are caused by
changes in the concentrations of substrates, products
and effectors (X), and by changes in the affinities
(1 ⁄ K) of enzyme e towards its substr...