... Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada2 School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, AustraliaLong-range signalingBiological organs display coordinated ... membrane depolarization activating oradvancing the phase of other Ca2+stores. The electricaland chemical transduction pathways are as depicted inFig. 3. The key mechanisms are as follows: (a) ... nonrhythmic. As has been noted,slow waves are generated by stored Ca2+release [14], a mechanism that requires long-range intercellularsynchronization of oscillatory stored Ca2+release [8].The gastric...