... ª 2009 FEBS
Simplified yet highly accurate enzyme kinetics for
cases of low substrate concentrations
Hanna M. Ha
¨
rdin
1,2
, Antonios Zagaris
2,3
, Klaas Krab
1
and Hans V. Westerhoff
1,4,5
1 ... with enzymes acting on polynucleotides (such as
DNA gyrase and ribosomes), where the concentrations
of enzymes and binding sites are often of the same
order of magnitu...
... mini-
mum of all cosine distance measures between the
vector representation of the span of text and that of
each of the spans of text in all parent messages,
74
which is a typical shallow measure of ... other.
For the two argumentation dimensions, the most
natural application of sequential learning tech-
niques is by defining the history of a span of text in
terms...
... retinyl ester substrate is essential for the efficient
isomerohydrolase activity of RPE65.
Kinetics of the isomerohydrolase activity
of purified RPE65
To determine the steady-state kinetics of RPE65 ... proteins. The amounts of protein
used for SDS ⁄ PAGE were 20 lg for lanes 1, 2, 3, and 5, and 5 lg
for lane 4. For western blot analysis, the amount of protein was
50...
... Introduction
Despite the large research effort devoted to the mod-
eling of word reordering, this remains one of the
main obstacles to the development of accurate SMT
systems for many language pairs. On one ... pair of chunks (c
x
,c
y
):
mode A×A : create a shortcut from each word of
c
x
to each word of c
y
;
mode L×F : create only one shortcut from the last
word of c
x
to...
... transduction by ERBB proteins
Binding of a family of specific ligands to the extra-
cellular domain of ERBB (except for ERBB2, see
below) leads to the formation of homodimers and
heterodimers. This ... Cohen’s
discovery of the ‘tooth-lid factor’ led to the identifica-
tion of the genetic causes of certain types of human
cancers, and to the genetic classification of a variety...
... inhibition of the ERK1 ⁄ 2 pathway is
associated with the antiproliferative effects of gefitinib.
Inhibition of cell motility
The EGFR can transmit signals for re-organization of
the cytoskeleton, the formation ... p38a, one of the four p38 iso-
forms, is required for Bax activation and apoptosis.
Because activation of p38 by UVB irradiation in
human keratinocytes results in in...
... comparison of erythrochelin and
foroxymithine.
Fig. S18. Schematic overview of Nrps3.
Table S1. Bioinformatic overview of etc gene cluster.
Table S2. (A) Comparison of A
1
and A
4
. (B) Structures
of ... assembly of for-
oxymithine by a synthetase lacking all E-domains. The
lack of sequence information for the S. nitrosporeus
genome impeded the identification of a biosynthe...
... results from the generation of an electro-
chemical gradient across the IM forms the basis of the
IM w
m
. During cell death, MP often increases, allow-
ing for the release of soluble proteins. The ... minimal.
Morphological evidence of the antiapoptotic
effect of HSS
As shown in Fig. 2A,B, the treatment of cells with
50 lm CCCP induced profound changes in the nuclear
morphology...
... is one of
the metabolites of PGD
2
, has been identified as a
ligand for PPARc that can activate the differentiation
of adipose cells [34,35]. However, the concentrations of
15d-PGJ
2
used for activation ... amounts of triglycerides during periods
of energy excess and to mobilize these depots during
periods of nutritional deprivation. The number of
adipocytes is thought t...
... approach of the
two domains. Also, the additional binding of M(II)
induced slow, but appreciable, non-covalent dimeriza-
tion of MT3 [40% for Zn(II) and 80% for Cd(II)].
Subsequent analysis of
113
Cd(II) ... [32]. Indeed, exposure of Cu(I)
4
-
Zn
4
MT3 to air resulted in the slow formation of a
disulfide linkage by cysteine oxidation of the a-domain
and a concominant release...