Tài liệu PROMOTING FINANCIAL SUCCESS IN THE UNITED STATES: NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FINANCIAL LITERACY 2011 docx

... prosperity. e Financial Literacy and Education Commission (FLEC) sets forth here a framework Promoting Financial Success in the United States: National Strategy 2011 —to provide the foundation for an ... financial literacy and have access to financial education resources. Promoting Financial Success in the United States: National Strategy for Financial Literacy 2011 GoalsIdentify, Enhance, and ... AdministrationWhite House Oce of Public Engagement For more information on the Financial Literacy and Education Commission, visit www.mymoney.gov. National Strategy for Financial Literacy 2011 22Introductione...

... worked in either the lumber or farming industry. I admired them for sparing their children for a few hours from the family chores in order to allow them the luxury of EFL lessons. Living, teaching, ... knowledge in a comfortable way. Once they started getting more comfortable speaking in conversation, it spilled over into their feeling more comfortable speaking during the lessons. For older ... overlooked. Maintaining the students’ self-esteem is the key to their success. Speaking in a second language, especially in public settings, can be a very intimidating undertaking. Providing positive...

... mortgages. In 2001, there were twice as many agency-conforming loans as there were non-conforming ones. By 2006, the non-conforming market had eclipsed the conforming market in size.30 Coinciding ... banking in the financial world. The bill prevented institutions that were “engaged principally” in banking activities from underwriting or dealing in securities of any kind, and vice versa. The ... Robert Rubin, and Rubin’s successor, Lawrence Summers. They saw no reason to interfere with the new innovations in financial markets. After one meeting between the nation’s top financial regulators,...

... performance monitoring systems.7. Using performance information: Using information from performance monitoring and evaluationsources for internal management learning and decision-making, and for ... approaches.119VII. ENHANCING THE USE OF PERFORMANCE INFORMATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION AGENCIESThis chapter reviews the key uses of performance information in the donor agencies. In results basedmanagement ... essential to effective performance management, there is growingconcern that they may be competing for the same, dwindling resources. The large efforts, in terms of stafftime and other resources, needed...

... the link between advertising (in the form of detailing)and consumption (in the form of prescribing) to argue that regulationswould not directly advance the government’s interest. However, the very ... an interest in conveyingtruthful information about their products to adults, andadults have a corresponding interest in receiving truthful in- formation about tobacco products.174Accordingly, ... presenting or otherwise partici-pating in the training event must have received sub-stantial training regarding the relevant products orservices.(iii) A paid speaker presenting or otherwise...

... TelefaxNo.DanaCarreraNo.94C4094JUdgecastilloPlaintiffsDefendant.vs.SelmaS.BUYCKS-ROBERSON,)ReneeBROOKSandCalvinROBERSON)onbehalfofthemselvesand)otherssimilarlysituated,))))))))))))CITIBANKFEDERALSAVINGSBANK, IN THE UNITED STATESDISTRICTCOURT FOR THE NORTHERNDISTRICTOFILLINOISEASTERNDIVISIONSECONDAMENDEDCOMPLAINTPlaintiffsSelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooksandCalvinR.Roberson,onbehalfofthemselvesandotherssimilarlysituated,byandthroughtheirattorneys,makethisSecondAmendedComplaintagainstDefendant,citibankFederalSavingsBank("Citibank").NATUREOF THE ACTION1.ThisisacivilactionbroughtbySelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooksandCalvinR.RobersononbehalfofthemselvesandallotherAfrican-Americanswhosehomeloanapplicationstocitibankoriginatedfrom the Chicagometropolitanareaandwhoseapplicationswererejectedbecauseoftheirraceorcolororbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhood in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated.Thisactionseeksinjunctivereliefandmonetarydamages for violationsof42u.S.C.§§1981and1982;42U.S.C.§3605and15U.S.C.§169l(a).JURISDICTIONANDVENUE2.Jurisdictionofthiscourtarisesunder28U.S.C.§1343(a)(4),42U.S.C.§3613(a)(1)(A)and15U.S.C.§1691e(f).3.Venueisproper in the NorthernDistrictofIllinoissincesomeof the actsandtransactionscomplainedofoccurred in thisdistrict. THE PARTIES4.PlaintiffSelmaS.Buycks-RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the united Stateswhoresides in Broadview,Illinois.5.PlaintiffReneeBrooksisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the united Stateswhoresides in Chicago,Illinois.6.PlaintiffCalvinR.RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the united Stateswhoresides in Chicago,Illinois.7.Defendantcitibankisafederalsavingsbankthatoffersresidentialmortgageloans("homeloans").CLASSACTIONSALLEGATIONS8.(a)Plaintiffsarecitibankhomeloanapplicants;theybringthisactiononbehalfofthemselvesandallotherAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantssimilarlysituated.ThisactionisbroughtasaclassactionpursuanttoRule23(b)(2)andRule23(b)(3)of the FederalRulesofCivilProcedure.(b) The classconsistsofallAfrican-Americanswhofiledapplications for homeloanstocitibankandwererejectedonorafterJuly6,1992becausetheyareAfrican-Americanand/or2because the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocatedwaspredominantlyAfrican-American.(c) The classissonumerousthatjoinderofallpersonsisimpracticable.PlaintiffsareinformedandbelievethatmanyhomeloanapplicationstoDefendantbyAfrican-Americanswereillegallyrejected.Oninformationandbelief,Defendantrejected the homeloanapplicationsofmanydozensofAfrican-Americanapplicantsbecauseoftheirraceorcolor,and/orbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated.(d)Plaintiffswillfairlyandadequatelyprotect the interestsofallclassmembers,astheyaremembersof the classandtheirclaimsaretypicalof the claimsofallclassmembers.Plaintiffsareincensedby the treatmenttheyhavereceivedandwillaggressivelypursuetheiraswellas the class'sinterests.Plaintiffs'interests in obtaininginjunctivereliefandmonetarydamages for the violationsof the above-mentionedfederalstatutesareconsistentwithandnotantagonistictothoseofanypersonwithin the class.(e) The commonquestionsoflawandfactinclude:(i)whetherDefendanthadapolicy,practiceorproceduretorejecthomeloanapplicationson the basisof the applicants'raceoron the basisof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated;(ii)whether the conductallegedhereinis in violationofTitle42U.S.C.§§1981and1982;42U.S.C.§3605and15U.S.C.3§1691(a);and(iii)whetherPlaintiffsareentitledtoanawardofactual,compensatoryorpunitivedamages.(f) The wrongfulconductallegedhereinhasbeentakengenerallyagainstallmembersof the class in thatAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantshavehadtheirloanapplicationsrejectedon the basisoftheirraceorcolor,orbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated,orboth,pursuantto the policies,practicesorproceduresofDefendant.(g) The commonquestionsoffactandlawpredominateoverquestionsaffectingonlyindividualclassmembers.(h)Aclassactionissuperiortootheravailablemethods for the fairandefficientadjudicationof the controversy in that:(i)amUltiplicityofsuitswithconsequentburdenon the courtsandDefendantshouldbeavoided;and(ii)itwouldbeundulyburdensome for allclassmemberstointerveneasparties-plaintiffs in thisaction. THE FACTSMs.Buycks-Roberson9.OnoraboutApril4,1992,PlaintiffSelmaBuycks-Robersonapplied for ahomeloanofapproximately$43,700fromcitibank.10. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$43,500onMs.Buycks-Roberson'shome,locatedat2057South25thAvenue in Broadview,Illinois.11. The propertythatMs.Buycks-Robersonattemptedtorefinanceislocated in aneighborhood in which the African-4Americanrepresentationisgrowingandcurrentlyconstitutesoverfiftypercent(50%)ofthatneighborhood'spopulation.12.Ms.Buycks-Robersonprovidedtocitibankextensive financial documentationconcerningher financial abilityand the property,includingdocumentsshowingannualincomeofover$47,000.13.OnoraboutApril28,1992,Ms.Buycks-RobersonreceivedfromDefendantcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecauseofdelinquentcreditobligationsandotheradversecredit.14.OnJune19,1992,Ms.'Buycks-Robersonreapplied for the homeloan,andagainprovidedtocitibankextensive financial .documentationconcerningherannualincome, financial abilityandadditionalinformationconcerninghercreditworthiness.15.OnorafterJuly10,1992,Ms.Buycks-Robersonreceivedfromcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecauseher"income[did]notsupport the amountofcreditrequested."16.Ms.Buycks-Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanshesoughtfromcitibank.Ms.Brooks17.OnoraboutNovember25,1993,PlaintiffReneeBrooksapplied for ahomeloanofapproximately$95,000fromcitibank.18.Ms.BrooksprovidedCitibankwithalldocumentationthatCitibankrequired.519. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$95,000onMs.Brooks'scondominium,locatedat5000SouthCornellStreet in Chicago,Illinois.20. The propertythatMs.Brooksattemptedtorefinanceislocated in aneighborhood in whichthereisasignificantAfrican-Americanpopulation.21.OnoraboutMarch8,1994,Ms.Brooks'sapplication for ahomeloanwasdeniedon the groundsthatshehadinadequatecollateral,andon the groundsthatshehadsubmittedanincompleteapplication.22.Ms.Brookswasqualifiedtoreceive the homeloanshesoughtfrom'citibank.Mr.Roberson23.OnoraboutJuly9,1993,PlaintiffCalvinRobersonapplied for ahomeloanofapproximately$43,000fromcitibank.24. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$43,000onMr.Roberson'shome,locatedat2847West85thStreet in Chicago,Illinois.25. The propertywhichMr.Robersonattemptedtorefinanceisloc~ted in aneighborhood in which the African-Americanrepresentationisgrowing.26.Mr.Robersonprovidedcitibankwithalldocumentationthatcitibankrequested,includingdocumentsshowinganannualincomeofapproximately$69,000fromhismanagementpositionatAT&T,and the equity in hishomevaluedatapproximately$75,000.Mr.Robersonalsoprovided"documentationshowingadditionalliquidassetswell in excessof the amountof the loanrequested.6Mr.Roberson'sincomewasmorethansufficienttoenablehimtomeethiscreditobligations.27.'OnoraboutJuly9,1993,Mr.Robersonreceivedaletterfrom'citibank,denyinghisapplication for refinancingon the groundsthatitwas"incomplete,"andon the groundsthatDefendantcitibankdidnot"makethistypeofloan.".28.Mr.Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanhesoughtfromcitibank.COUNTIEQUALCREDIT ... TelefaxNo.DanaCarreraNo.94C4094JUdgecastilloPlaintiffsDefendant.vs.SelmaS.BUYCKS-ROBERSON,)ReneeBROOKSandCalvinROBERSON)onbehalfofthemselvesand)otherssimilarlysituated,))))))))))))CITIBANKFEDERALSAVINGSBANK, IN THE UNITED STATESDISTRICTCOURT FOR THE NORTHERNDISTRICTOFILLINOISEASTERNDIVISIONSECONDAMENDEDCOMPLAINTPlaintiffsSelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooksandCalvinR.Roberson,onbehalfofthemselvesandotherssimilarlysituated,byandthroughtheirattorneys,makethisSecondAmendedComplaintagainstDefendant,citibankFederalSavingsBank("Citibank").NATUREOF THE ACTION1.ThisisacivilactionbroughtbySelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooksandCalvinR.RobersononbehalfofthemselvesandallotherAfrican-Americanswhosehomeloanapplicationstocitibankoriginatedfrom the Chicagometropolitanareaandwhoseapplicationswererejectedbecauseoftheirraceorcolororbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhood in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated.Thisactionseeksinjunctivereliefandmonetarydamages for violationsof42u.S.C.§§1981and1982;42U.S.C.§3605and15U.S.C.§169l(a).JURISDICTIONANDVENUE2.Jurisdictionofthiscourtarisesunder28U.S.C.§1343(a)(4),42U.S.C.§3613(a)(1)(A)and15U.S.C.§1691e(f).3.Venueisproper in the NorthernDistrictofIllinoissincesomeof the actsandtransactionscomplainedofoccurred in thisdistrict. THE PARTIES4.PlaintiffSelmaS.Buycks-RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the united Stateswhoresides in Broadview,Illinois.5.PlaintiffReneeBrooksisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the united Stateswhoresides in Chicago,Illinois.6.PlaintiffCalvinR.RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the united Stateswhoresides in Chicago,Illinois.7.Defendantcitibankisafederalsavingsbankthatoffersresidentialmortgageloans("homeloans").CLASSACTIONSALLEGATIONS8.(a)Plaintiffsarecitibankhomeloanapplicants;theybringthisactiononbehalfofthemselvesandallotherAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantssimilarlysituated.ThisactionisbroughtasaclassactionpursuanttoRule23(b)(2)andRule23(b)(3)of the FederalRulesofCivilProcedure.(b) The classconsistsofallAfrican-Americanswhofiledapplications for homeloanstocitibankandwererejectedonorafterJuly6,1992becausetheyareAfrican-Americanand/or2because the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocatedwaspredominantlyAfrican-American.(c) The classissonumerousthatjoinderofallpersonsisimpracticable.PlaintiffsareinformedandbelievethatmanyhomeloanapplicationstoDefendantbyAfrican-Americanswereillegallyrejected.Oninformationandbelief,Defendantrejected the homeloanapplicationsofmanydozensofAfrican-Americanapplicantsbecauseoftheirraceorcolor,and/orbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated.(d)Plaintiffswillfairlyandadequatelyprotect the interestsofallclassmembers,astheyaremembersof the classandtheirclaimsaretypicalof the claimsofallclassmembers.Plaintiffsareincensedby the treatmenttheyhavereceivedandwillaggressivelypursuetheiraswellas the class'sinterests.Plaintiffs'interests in obtaininginjunctivereliefandmonetarydamages for the violationsof the above-mentionedfederalstatutesareconsistentwithandnotantagonistictothoseofanypersonwithin the class.(e) The commonquestionsoflawandfactinclude:(i)whetherDefendanthadapolicy,practiceorproceduretorejecthomeloanapplicationson the basisof the applicants'raceoron the basisof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated;(ii)whether the conductallegedhereinis in violationofTitle42U.S.C.§§1981and1982;42U.S.C.§3605and15U.S.C.3§1691(a);and(iii)whetherPlaintiffsareentitledtoanawardofactual,compensatoryorpunitivedamages.(f) The wrongfulconductallegedhereinhasbeentakengenerallyagainstallmembersof the class in thatAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantshavehadtheirloanapplicationsrejectedon the basisoftheirraceorcolor,orbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated,orboth,pursuantto the policies,practicesorproceduresofDefendant.(g) The commonquestionsoffactandlawpredominateoverquestionsaffectingonlyindividualclassmembers.(h)Aclassactionissuperiortootheravailablemethods for the fairandefficientadjudicationof the controversy in that:(i)amUltiplicityofsuitswithconsequentburdenon the courtsandDefendantshouldbeavoided;and(ii)itwouldbeundulyburdensome for allclassmemberstointerveneasparties-plaintiffs in thisaction. THE FACTSMs.Buycks-Roberson9.OnoraboutApril4,1992,PlaintiffSelmaBuycks-Robersonapplied for ahomeloanofapproximately$43,700fromcitibank.10. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$43,500onMs.Buycks-Roberson'shome,locatedat2057South25thAvenue in Broadview,Illinois.11. The propertythatMs.Buycks-Robersonattemptedtorefinanceislocated in aneighborhood in which the African-4Americanrepresentationisgrowingandcurrentlyconstitutesoverfiftypercent(50%)ofthatneighborhood'spopulation.12.Ms.Buycks-Robersonprovidedtocitibankextensive financial documentationconcerningher financial abilityand the property,includingdocumentsshowingannualincomeofover$47,000.13.OnoraboutApril28,1992,Ms.Buycks-RobersonreceivedfromDefendantcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecauseofdelinquentcreditobligationsandotheradversecredit.14.OnJune19,1992,Ms.'Buycks-Robersonreapplied for the homeloan,andagainprovidedtocitibankextensive financial .documentationconcerningherannualincome, financial abilityandadditionalinformationconcerninghercreditworthiness.15.OnorafterJuly10,1992,Ms.Buycks-Robersonreceivedfromcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecauseher"income[did]notsupport the amountofcreditrequested."16.Ms.Buycks-Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanshesoughtfromcitibank.Ms.Brooks17.OnoraboutNovember25,1993,PlaintiffReneeBrooksapplied for ahomeloanofapproximately$95,000fromcitibank.18.Ms.BrooksprovidedCitibankwithalldocumentationthatCitibankrequired.519. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$95,000onMs.Brooks'scondominium,locatedat5000SouthCornellStreet in Chicago,Illinois.20. The propertythatMs.Brooksattemptedtorefinanceislocated in aneighborhood in whichthereisasignificantAfrican-Americanpopulation.21.OnoraboutMarch8,1994,Ms.Brooks'sapplication for ahomeloanwasdeniedon the groundsthatshehadinadequatecollateral,andon the groundsthatshehadsubmittedanincompleteapplication.22.Ms.Brookswasqualifiedtoreceive the homeloanshesoughtfrom'citibank.Mr.Roberson23.OnoraboutJuly9,1993,PlaintiffCalvinRobersonapplied for ahomeloanofapproximately$43,000fromcitibank.24. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$43,000onMr.Roberson'shome,locatedat2847West85thStreet in Chicago,Illinois.25. The propertywhichMr.Robersonattemptedtorefinanceisloc~ted in aneighborhood in which the African-Americanrepresentationisgrowing.26.Mr.Robersonprovidedcitibankwithalldocumentationthatcitibankrequested,includingdocumentsshowinganannualincomeofapproximately$69,000fromhismanagementpositionatAT&T,and the equity in hishomevaluedatapproximately$75,000.Mr.Robersonalsoprovided"documentationshowingadditionalliquidassetswell in excessof the amountof the loanrequested.6Mr.Roberson'sincomewasmorethansufficienttoenablehimtomeethiscreditobligations.27.'OnoraboutJuly9,1993,Mr.Robersonreceivedaletterfrom'citibank,denyinghisapplication for refinancingon the groundsthatitwas"incomplete,"andon the groundsthatDefendantcitibankdidnot"makethistypeofloan.".28.Mr.Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanhesoughtfromcitibank.COUNTIEQUALCREDIT ... TelefaxNo.DanaCarreraNo.94C4094JUdgecastilloPlaintiffsDefendant.vs.SelmaS.BUYCKS-ROBERSON,)ReneeBROOKSandCalvinROBERSON)onbehalfofthemselvesand)otherssimilarlysituated,))))))))))))CITIBANKFEDERALSAVINGSBANK, IN THE UNITED STATESDISTRICTCOURT FOR THE NORTHERNDISTRICTOFILLINOISEASTERNDIVISIONSECONDAMENDEDCOMPLAINTPlaintiffsSelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooksandCalvinR.Roberson,onbehalfofthemselvesandotherssimilarlysituated,byandthroughtheirattorneys,makethisSecondAmendedComplaintagainstDefendant,citibankFederalSavingsBank("Citibank").NATUREOF THE ACTION1.ThisisacivilactionbroughtbySelmaS.Buycks-Roberson,ReneeBrooksandCalvinR.RobersononbehalfofthemselvesandallotherAfrican-Americanswhosehomeloanapplicationstocitibankoriginatedfrom the Chicagometropolitanareaandwhoseapplicationswererejectedbecauseoftheirraceorcolororbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhood in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated.Thisactionseeksinjunctivereliefandmonetarydamages for violationsof42u.S.C.§§1981and1982;42U.S.C.§3605and15U.S.C.§169l(a).JURISDICTIONANDVENUE2.Jurisdictionofthiscourtarisesunder28U.S.C.§1343(a)(4),42U.S.C.§3613(a)(1)(A)and15U.S.C.§1691e(f).3.Venueisproper in the NorthernDistrictofIllinoissincesomeof the actsandtransactionscomplainedofoccurred in thisdistrict. THE PARTIES4.PlaintiffSelmaS.Buycks-RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the united Stateswhoresides in Broadview,Illinois.5.PlaintiffReneeBrooksisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the united Stateswhoresides in Chicago,Illinois.6.PlaintiffCalvinR.RobersonisanAfrican-Americancitizenof the united Stateswhoresides in Chicago,Illinois.7.Defendantcitibankisafederalsavingsbankthatoffersresidentialmortgageloans("homeloans").CLASSACTIONSALLEGATIONS8.(a)Plaintiffsarecitibankhomeloanapplicants;theybringthisactiononbehalfofthemselvesandallotherAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantssimilarlysituated.ThisactionisbroughtasaclassactionpursuanttoRule23(b)(2)andRule23(b)(3)of the FederalRulesofCivilProcedure.(b) The classconsistsofallAfrican-Americanswhofiledapplications for homeloanstocitibankandwererejectedonorafterJuly6,1992becausetheyareAfrican-Americanand/or2because the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocatedwaspredominantlyAfrican-American.(c) The classissonumerousthatjoinderofallpersonsisimpracticable.PlaintiffsareinformedandbelievethatmanyhomeloanapplicationstoDefendantbyAfrican-Americanswereillegallyrejected.Oninformationandbelief,Defendantrejected the homeloanapplicationsofmanydozensofAfrican-Americanapplicantsbecauseoftheirraceorcolor,and/orbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated.(d)Plaintiffswillfairlyandadequatelyprotect the interestsofallclassmembers,astheyaremembersof the classandtheirclaimsaretypicalof the claimsofallclassmembers.Plaintiffsareincensedby the treatmenttheyhavereceivedandwillaggressivelypursuetheiraswellas the class'sinterests.Plaintiffs'interests in obtaininginjunctivereliefandmonetarydamages for the violationsof the above-mentionedfederalstatutesareconsistentwithandnotantagonistictothoseofanypersonwithin the class.(e) The commonquestionsoflawandfactinclude:(i)whetherDefendanthadapolicy,practiceorproceduretorejecthomeloanapplicationson the basisof the applicants'raceoron the basisof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated;(ii)whether the conductallegedhereinis in violationofTitle42U.S.C.§§1981and1982;42U.S.C.§3605and15U.S.C.3§1691(a);and(iii)whetherPlaintiffsareentitledtoanawardofactual,compensatoryorpunitivedamages.(f) The wrongfulconductallegedhereinhasbeentakengenerallyagainstallmembersof the class in thatAfrican-Americanhomeloanapplicantshavehadtheirloanapplicationsrejectedon the basisoftheirraceorcolor,orbecauseof the racialcompositionof the neighborhoods in whichtheirpropertieswerelocated,orboth,pursuantto the policies,practicesorproceduresofDefendant.(g) The commonquestionsoffactandlawpredominateoverquestionsaffectingonlyindividualclassmembers.(h)Aclassactionissuperiortootheravailablemethods for the fairandefficientadjudicationof the controversy in that:(i)amUltiplicityofsuitswithconsequentburdenon the courtsandDefendantshouldbeavoided;and(ii)itwouldbeundulyburdensome for allclassmemberstointerveneasparties-plaintiffs in thisaction. THE FACTSMs.Buycks-Roberson9.OnoraboutApril4,1992,PlaintiffSelmaBuycks-Robersonapplied for ahomeloanofapproximately$43,700fromcitibank.10. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$43,500onMs.Buycks-Roberson'shome,locatedat2057South25thAvenue in Broadview,Illinois.11. The propertythatMs.Buycks-Robersonattemptedtorefinanceislocated in aneighborhood in which the African-4Americanrepresentationisgrowingandcurrentlyconstitutesoverfiftypercent(50%)ofthatneighborhood'spopulation.12.Ms.Buycks-Robersonprovidedtocitibankextensive financial documentationconcerningher financial abilityand the property,includingdocumentsshowingannualincomeofover$47,000.13.OnoraboutApril28,1992,Ms.Buycks-RobersonreceivedfromDefendantcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecauseofdelinquentcreditobligationsandotheradversecredit.14.OnJune19,1992,Ms.'Buycks-Robersonreapplied for the homeloan,andagainprovidedtocitibankextensive financial .documentationconcerningherannualincome, financial abilityandadditionalinformationconcerninghercreditworthiness.15.OnorafterJuly10,1992,Ms.Buycks-Robersonreceivedfromcitibankaletterthatinformedherthathermortgageloanapplicationhadbeendeniedbecauseher"income[did]notsupport the amountofcreditrequested."16.Ms.Buycks-Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanshesoughtfromcitibank.Ms.Brooks17.OnoraboutNovember25,1993,PlaintiffReneeBrooksapplied for ahomeloanofapproximately$95,000fromcitibank.18.Ms.BrooksprovidedCitibankwithalldocumentationthatCitibankrequired.519. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$95,000onMs.Brooks'scondominium,locatedat5000SouthCornellStreet in Chicago,Illinois.20. The propertythatMs.Brooksattemptedtorefinanceislocated in aneighborhood in whichthereisasignificantAfrican-Americanpopulation.21.OnoraboutMarch8,1994,Ms.Brooks'sapplication for ahomeloanwasdeniedon the groundsthatshehadinadequatecollateral,andon the groundsthatshehadsubmittedanincompleteapplication.22.Ms.Brookswasqualifiedtoreceive the homeloanshesoughtfrom'citibank.Mr.Roberson23.OnoraboutJuly9,1993,PlaintiffCalvinRobersonapplied for ahomeloanofapproximately$43,000fromcitibank.24. The purposeof the loanwastorefinanceanexistingmortgageofapproximately$43,000onMr.Roberson'shome,locatedat2847West85thStreet in Chicago,Illinois.25. The propertywhichMr.Robersonattemptedtorefinanceisloc~ted in aneighborhood in which the African-Americanrepresentationisgrowing.26.Mr.Robersonprovidedcitibankwithalldocumentationthatcitibankrequested,includingdocumentsshowinganannualincomeofapproximately$69,000fromhismanagementpositionatAT&T,and the equity in hishomevaluedatapproximately$75,000.Mr.Robersonalsoprovided"documentationshowingadditionalliquidassetswell in excessof the amountof the loanrequested.6Mr.Roberson'sincomewasmorethansufficienttoenablehimtomeethiscreditobligations.27.'OnoraboutJuly9,1993,Mr.Robersonreceivedaletterfrom'citibank,denyinghisapplication for refinancingon the groundsthatitwas"incomplete,"andon the groundsthatDefendantcitibankdidnot"makethistypeofloan.".28.Mr.Robersonwasqualifiedtoreceive the loanhesoughtfromcitibank.COUNTIEQUALCREDIT...

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