... power of the executive. As a case in point, it was proposed that the office of the ANC’s general secretary, occupied at the time of writing by Motlanthe, should be expanded, while the office of ... secondly, what is the role of the ANC’s rank-and-file membership and organisational structures in determining the policy, direction and strategy of the ANC itself and of the state (ANC 2005a; Cosatu ... that of Japan, and the apartheid state enjoyed strong support from major western powers (Odendaal 2004). This situation started to change at the beginning of the 1970s, when the apartheid state...