... graph. (The existence of the curves σ1, γ1, γ2will be establishedin the next section.) First we need two lemmas. The first of these is the following:Lemma II.1.38. Given C1,ε0> 0, there ... σ2. The next lemma bounds the area of a minimal surface with two sides andan interior boundary in a small ball in terms of the length of the sides, providedthat the surface “initially leaves” the ... replacementthen gives a broken geodesic with the same length bound and a bound on the number of breaks. Third, we find a simple subcurve and use the Gauss-Bonnettheorem to control the number of breaks.PLANAR...