... (1.19b)whereω=ωTisthenormalizedDTfrequencyaxisexpressedinradians.NotethatS(ejωT)=S(ejω)consistsofaninfinitenumberofreplicasoftheCTspectrumS(jω),positionedatintervalsof(2π/T)ontheωaxis(oratintervalsof2πontheωaxis),asillustratedinFig.1.8.NotethatifS(jω)isbandlimitedwithabandwidthωc,andifTischosensufficientlysmallsothatωs>2ωc,thentheDTspectrumisacopyofS(jω)(scaledby1/T)inthebaseband.Thelimitingcaseofωs=2ωciscalledtheNyquistsamplingfrequency.WheneveraCTsignalissampledatorabovetheNyquistrate,noaliasingdistortionoccurs(i.e.,thebasebandspectrumdoesnotoverlapwiththehigher-orderreplicas)andtheCTsignalcanbeexactlyrecoveredfromitssamplesbyextractingthebasebandspectrumofS(ejω)withanideallow-passfilterthatrecoverstheoriginalCTspectrumbyremovingallspectralreplicasoutsidethebasebandandscalingthebasebandbyafactorofT.1.5 TheDiscreteFourierTransformToobtainthediscreteFouriertransform (DFT) thecontinuousfrequencydomainoftheDTFTissampledatNpointsuniformlyspacedaroundtheunitcircleinthez-plane,i.e.,atthepointsc1999byCRCPressLLCFIGURE1.8:IllustrationoftherelationshipbetweentheCTandDTspectra.ωk=(2πk/N),k=0,1, ... (1.21)wherey(n)isobtainedbytransformingh[n]ands[n]intoH[k]andS[k]usingtheDFT,multiplyingthetransformspoint-wisetoobtainY[k]=H[k]S[k],andthenusingtheinverseDFTtoobtainy[n] =DFT −1{Y[k]}.Ifs[n]isafinitesequenceoflengthM,thentheresultsofthecircularconvolutionimplementedbytheDFTwillcorrespondtothedesiredlinearconvolutioniftheblocklengthoftheDFT,N DFT ,ischosensufficientlylargesothatN DFT ≥N+M−1andbothh[n]ands[n]arepaddedwithzeroestoformblocksoflengthN DFT .1.5.2 ... RelationshipbetweentheContinuousandDiscreteTimeSpectraBecauseDTsignalsoftenoriginatebysamplingCTsignals,itisimportanttodeveloptherelationshipbetweentheoriginalspectrumoftheCTsignalandthespectrumoftheDTsignalthatresults.First,c1999byCRCPressLLCtheCTFTisappliedtotheCTsamplingmodel,andthepropertieslistedaboveareusedtoproducethefollowingresult:F{sa(t)}=Fs(t)∞n=−∞δ(t−nT)=...