§1 1 industrial chemical processes

AEROSOL CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 1 pot

... L829/frame/ch 01 Page Monday, January 31, 2000 2:20 PM Aerosol Chemical Processes in the Environment 14 aed size distribution 12 Frequency (%) 10 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 aed (nm) 85 95 10 5 11 5 12 5 More ... 1. 1 and Figure 1. 2 The entire process can then be expressed by the General Dynamics Equation ﬁrst formulated by Friedlander in 19 77 and modiﬁed by Whitby and McMurry in 19 97 (Figure 1. 3) .17 ,18 ... L829/frame/ch 01 Page 12 Monday, January 31, 2000 2:20 PM 12 Aerosol Chemical Processes in the Environment FIGURE 1. 9 Proposal of tougher diesel exhaust rules in California (With permission.) processes...

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IEC 60534 6 1 industrial process control valves mounting details for attachment of positioners

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... process analyzers 611 15 (19 92) 611 31: -Programmable controllers: 611 31- 1 (19 92) Part 1: General information 611 31- 2 (19 92) Part 2: Equipment requirements and tests 611 31- 3 (19 93) Part 3: Programming ... gộnộrales 611 31- 2 (19 92) Partie 2: Spộcifications et essais des ộquipements 611 31- 3 (19 93) Partie 3: Langages de programmation 611 31- 4 (19 95) Partie 4: Guide pour l'utilisateur 611 52 (19 92) Dimensions ... gộnộrales 611 15 (19 92) Expression des qualitộs de fonctionnement des systốmes de manipulation d'ộchantillon pour analyseurs de processus 611 31: Automates programmables 611 31- 1 (19 92) Partie 1: Informations...

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IEC 60534 8 1 industrial process control valves noise considerations

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... 534-8 -1 O CE1 19 86 TABLEAU I Dimension nominale WN) Colonne i 10 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 Colonne 17 ,2 21, 3 26,9 33,7 42,4 48,3 60,3 7 61 88,9 11 4,3 13 9,7 16 8,3 219 J 273,O 323,9 1O0 12 5 15 0 200 ... 534-8 -1 O IEC 19 86 15 - TABLE I Nominal sue (DN) Pipe outside diameter (mm) Column I 10 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 10 0 12 5 15 0 200 250 300 Column 17 .2 21. 3 26.9 33.7 42.4 48.3 60.3 76 .1 88.9 11 4.3 13 9.7 ... Publication 534-2-3: (19 83) Publication 65 1: (19 79) Publicatians de l'IS0: Norme IS0 7 /1: (19 82) Norme IS0 65: (19 81) Norme IS0 3744: (19 81) Norme IS0 3745: (19 77) Nonne IS0 4200: (19 85) Vannes de...

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IEC 60534 8 1 industrial process control valves noise considerations

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... 534-8 -1 O CE1 19 86 TABLEAU I Dimension nominale WN) Colonne i 10 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 Colonne 17 ,2 21, 3 26,9 33,7 42,4 48,3 60,3 7 61 88,9 11 4,3 13 9,7 16 8,3 219 J 273,O 323,9 1O0 12 5 15 0 200 ... 534-8 -1 O IEC 19 86 15 - TABLE I Nominal sue (DN) Pipe outside diameter (mm) Column I 10 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 10 0 12 5 15 0 200 250 300 Column 17 .2 21. 3 26.9 33.7 42.4 48.3 60.3 76 .1 88.9 11 4.3 13 9.7 ... Publication 534-2-3: (19 83) Publication 65 1: (19 79) Publicatians de l'IS0: Norme IS0 7 /1: (19 82) Norme IS0 65: (19 81) Norme IS0 3744: (19 81) Norme IS0 3745: (19 77) Nonne IS0 4200: (19 85) Vannes de...

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iec 60534-1 industrial process control valves - terminology & general considerations

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... control systems 3 81- 1 (19 82) Premiốre partie : Signaux courant continu 3 81- 1 (19 82) Part 1: Direct current signals 3 81- 2 (19 78) Deuxiốme partie: Signaux en tension continue 3 81- 2 (19 78) Part 2: Direct ... PT*l 87 m 48448 91 0 5 3 m -8- 534 -1 O CE1 19 87 Publications de lIS0 : Norme IS0 2084: (19 74) Norme IS0 2229: (19 73) Norme I S 6708 : (19 80) Norme I S 7268: (19 83, Amendement 1- 1984 inclus) Brides ... 8 01: - Electromagnetic comptabiiity for industrial- process measurement and control equipment 8 01- 1 (19 84) Premiốre partie : Introduction gộnộrale 8 01- 1 (19 84) Part 1: General introduction 8 01- 2...

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Lecture concepts in enterprise resource planning (2nd edition) chapter 1 business functions, processes, and data requirements

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... Edition 10 Another Look—Nova Chemicals • Nova has identified core processes: • Demand Chain Management • Supply Chain Management • Manufacturing Management • And three enabling business processes ... practices” and process metrics—clear measurements to manage business processes Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Second Edition 11 Lemonade Stand Functional Areas • Marketing and Sales • Develop ... Chemicals • According to John Wheeler, CIO of Nova Chemicals, changing from a function-oriented view to a processoriented is a complicated process • Business processes include: • People with particular...

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principles of chemical reactor analysis and design new tools for industrial chemical reactor operations

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... Equation, 15 1. 3.7 Momentum Balance Equation, 15 1. 4 Common Practices, 15 1. 4 .1 Experimental Reactors, 16 1. 4.2 Selection of Reactor Conﬁguration, 16 1. 4.3 Selection of Operating Conditions, 18 1. 4.4 ... Problems, 12 6 Bibliography, 12 9 Energy Balances 13 1 5 .1 Review of Thermodynamic Relations, 13 1 5 .1. 1 Heat of Reaction, 13 1 5 .1. 2 Effect of Temperature on Reaction Equilibrium Constant, 13 4 5.2 ... Reactor, 10 9 4.3.3 Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR), 11 1 4.3.4 Formulation Procedure, 11 2 4.4 Dimensionless Design Equations and Operating Curves, 11 3 10 1 CONTENTS ix 4.5 Summary, 12 5 Problems,...

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integrated chemical processes synthesis operation analysis and control

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... 357 12 Analysis and Experimental Investigation of Catalytic Membrane Reactors 359 12 .1 12.2 12 .2 .1 12.2.2 12 .2.3 12 .3 12 .4 12 .5 12 .5 .1 12.5.2 12 .5.3 12 .5.4 12 .5.5 12 .5.6 12 .6 12 .6 .1 12.6 .1 12.6.2 ... 1. 2 .1. 2 1. 3 1. 3 .1 1.3 .1. 1 1. 3 .1. 2 1. 3 .1. 3 1. 3 .1. 4 1. 3 .1. 5 1. 3.2 1. 3.2 .1 1.3.2.2 1. 4 Conceptual Design of Internal Reforming in High-Temperature Fuel Cells 2 .1 2.2 2.3 2.3 .1 2.3 .1. 1 Peter Heidebrecht ... February 23, 2005 1: 22 PM Contents 16 .2.3.5 16 .2.3.6 16 .3 16 .3 .1 16.3.2 16 .3.2 .1 16.3.2.2 16 .3.2.3 16 .3.2.4 16 .3.2.5 16 .3.2.6 16 .3.3 16 .3.3.4 16 .3.3.2 16 .3.3.3 16 .3.4 16 .3.5 16 .4 Index Apparatus...

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optimization of chemical processes edgar himmelblau and lasdon 2nd

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... References ix 448 4 51 453 458 458 460 4 61 464 466 469 478 478 14 Chemical Reactor Design and Operation Example 14 .1 Example 14 .2 Example 14 .3 Example 14 .4 Example 14 .5 Example 14 .6 480 Optimization ... of optimization THE NATURE AND ORGANIZATION OF OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 14 18 26 27 27 28 What Optimization Is All About ... Scheduling 62 16 .2 .1 Planning / 16 .2.2 Scheduling 515 518 525 537 546 546 548 549 550 553 Contents x 16 .3 Plantwide Management and Optimization 16 .4 Unit Management and Control 16 .4 .1 Formulating...

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integrated design and simulation of chemical processes

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... using PVT relationship 5.6 Summary 5.7 References PHASE EQUILIBRIA 6 .1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 11 4 11 7 11 9 12 1 12 5 12 9 13 1 13 3 13 4 Computation of vapour-liquid equilibrium Models for liquid activity ... reading References 13 7 13 8 14 2 15 5 16 3 17 1 17 9 18 0 18 1 18 2 19 2 202 212 224 225 P A R T III: P R O C E S S S Y N T H E S I S PROCESS SYNTHESIS BY HIERARCHICAL APPROACH 229 7 .1 Introduction 7.2 ... (19 99) Table 1. 1 Material balance for the Example 1. 1 Input Mw PRM R-COC1 o-Xylene A1C13 H20 SRM Output Mass Moles Mw 14 0.6 10 6.2 13 3.4 18 700 550 700 258 4.98 5 .18 5.25 14 .33 Phenone Moles 210 .2...

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developing an industrial chemical process an integrated approach

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... operating team 11 .2 .1 Recruitment 11 .2.2 Maintenance 11 .2.3 Training 11 .2.4 Safety 11 .2.5 Functional organization 11 .3 Preparation for start-up 11 .3 .1 “Dry runs” 11 .3.2 The plant manager 11 .3.3 The ... manager 11 .3.4 The project manager 11 .4 Preparation with real materials 11 .5 Strategic options for the running-in of the new plant 11 .5 .1 Possible causes of problems 11 .5.2 Unsatisfactory results 11 .5.3 ... References Chapter 10 First implementation plant design: compromises and optimization 10 .1 “First implementation” policy 10 .1. 1 Expected start-up problems 10 .1. 2 Design policy 10 .1. 3 Identifying...

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industrial chemical process design by erwin

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... 11 14 11 37 11 59 11 80 12 00 12 21 12 41 12 61 12 81 1300 13 19 13 36 13 53 13 69 13 85 14 00 14 15 14 29 14 42 14 56 14 72 14 86 15 01 1 514 15 24 15 34 15 44 15 55 15 65 15 74 475 462 449 436 423 411 403 389 375 3 61 348 ... 312 302 289 276 264 253 2 41 229 217 206 19 7 19 1 18 6 18 1 17 6 16 8 15 9 15 1 14 7 14 4 14 2 11 6.2 12 0.32 12 4.65 12 9 .18 13 3.93 13 8. 91 144.65 15 0.73 15 7 .1 163.78 17 0.75 17 7.96 18 5.46 19 3.23 2 01. 28 210 .15 ... 1. 2028e+02 1. 1 513 e+02 1. 1023e+02 1. 0555e+02 1. 014 3e+02 9.8444e+ 01 9.5679e+ 01 9. 313 9e+ 01 1 .16 44e+02 1. 1 212 e+02 1. 0806e+02 1. 0424e+02 1. 412 1e+02 1. 3862e+02 2.0792e+02 10 19 10 42 10 66 10 90 11 14 11 37...

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optimization of chemical processes

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... 3 51 352 354 3 61 369 370 3 71 372 373 374 3 81 382 384 385 388 389 411 412 413 Part III Applications of Optimization 11 Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation Example 11 .1 Example 11 .2 Example 11 .3 ... Methods That Use First Derivatives 6.2 .1 Steepest Descent / 6.2.2 Conjugate Gradient Methods 15 5 15 6 15 7 16 6 17 3 17 6 17 6 17 7 17 7 18 1 18 3 18 9 edg935 91_ fm.qxd 12 /8/00 9:59 AM Page vii Contents 6.3 ... References Supplementary References Problems 11 3 11 4 11 8 12 1 13 1 13 5 14 2 14 2 14 2 Optimization of Unconstrained Functions: One-Dimensional Search 15 2 5 .1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Optimization Theory and...

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AEROSOL CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 2 docx

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... equations is63 I1 = (1 − B22 )b1 ( A1g − A1 ) + B12 b2 ( A2 g − A2 ) − B22 − B 11 + B 11 B22 − B12 B 21 (2.76) I2 = (1 − B 11 )b2 ( A2 g − A2 ) + B21b1 ( A1g − A1 ) − B22 − B 11 + B 11 B22 − B12 B 21 where ... American Chemical Society © 2000 by CRC Press LLC L829/frame/ch02 Page 45 Monday, January 31, 2000 2:03 PM Physical Chemistry of Aerosol Formation 45 REFERENCES 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ... ( ) (  L M L I +L I M 1 M 1D1p1s , f T∞   A1g − A1 1 − 1 1 2  RT∞  πrβT k ∞ RT   ( ) M 2β M 2D 2p s , f T∞ RT∞ ( )       L M L I +L I A g − A 1 − 2 1 2   πrβT k ∞ RT  ...

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AEROSOL CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 3 pot

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... Z(τ) 1 β2 γ = (T(R(t)) – T10)T10 1 Temperature of drop surface = (Tp – T10)T10 1 Steady-state surface temperature = R(t)/R0 = κ1D1 1 = κ2D1 1 = D2 D1 1 δ = Γ 1 = Γ0 Π∞ = 1 κ2 1 D2 qs (T0 ) D1ρ ... Equation 3 .16 leads to: Y1 ( x, τ) = 11 + x 12 , π 11 ( τ) = 12 ( τ) = 2 1 π ∞ ∫ (3.56) ∞ ∫ ds e Y (τ − (4β τ) ), 1 − s2 (3.57) 1 β1r τ ( )  2s  1 ds e − s s  − 1 Y τ − ( 4 1 )   β1r τ ... τ −θ )  6( τ − θ) − 1 e   = t D1.R0–2 ( Φ(s) − − − = + Γ − 1 + s1/ 2 1 1/ + Γ1s1/ 2β 1/ cth s1/ 2β 1/ Φ0 = ω = © 2000 by CRC Press LLC π 1 (1 + Γ ) qs (T∞ ) AmD2 ρ (1 + Γ ) R0 ) ...

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AEROSOL CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 4 pdf

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... 5.000 (–3) 1. 254 (–6) 7.225 (–7) 1. 407 (–4) 1. 852 (–4) 1. 489 (–7) 1. 879 (–7) –8. 411 (–5) 9 .13 4 (–6) 9.909 (–6) 1. 6 31 (–5) 1. 723 (–5) 1. 017 (–7) –8 .17 3 (–9) 5.552 ( 10 ) 1. 689 (–8) 1. 933 (–8) ... No DE-AC02-98CH10886 REFERENCES 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 La Mer, V.K and Gruen, R., Trans Faraday Soc., 48, 410 , 19 52 Junge, C.E., Ann Met., 5, 1, 19 52 Winkler, ... molecules) NaCl 13 .8a 13 .0 5 .15 a 5.23 10 4.0 10 3.0 6. 81 6.84 30.0 30.0 KCl 12 .3a 12 .6b 12 .5 3.64a 3.4b 2. 91 70.4 67.9 62.0 8.26 8. 41 8. 81 38.0 40.0 46.0 (NH4)2SO4 17 .5a 30.0 2.52a 3.05 46.6 52.8 10 .2 9.55...

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AEROSOL CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 5 pot

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... droplets Aerosol 10 7 0.5–5 5 10 10 6 10 9 0 .1 0.5 1. 5 × 10 7 10 6 10 5 10 15 15 –20 20–25 25–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70 70 10 0 × 10 7 2.5 × 10 7 1. 5 × 10 7 × 10 6 × 10 6 × 10 6 × 10 6 10 2 10 4 9000 15 0–200 200–250 ... example, Ag131I, 11 0AgI, 11 0Ag131I In the case of Ag131I, the transformation is: or [ ] Ag131I → Ag1 31 Xe + β → Ag + +13 1 Xe (5 .13 ) The radioactive Ag131I was a more effective ice-nucleating chemical ... 0.5 10 I 1 5 O 1. 5 10 I 1 5 O 0.2–7 I 0.5–3 O 0.5 10 I 1 5 O 0 .1 15 I 0 .1 13 O 0. 017 –0 .1 O d; µm (Maximum Frequency) 5 15 Temperature (°C) > –20°C > –20°C > – 21 C Location Observer, Date Kumai, 19 61...

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AEROSOL CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 6 docx

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... B 2 .10 × 10 5 5.76 × 10 1 3. 41 × 10 –2 4.30 × 10 –7 1. 81 × 10 –5 1. 20 × 10 1 1. 72 × 10 6 1. 01 × 10 14 1. 00 × 10 3 1. 02 × 10 –2 4.68 × 10 11 2. 51 × 10 6 1. 97 × 10 6 1. 03 × 10 11 2.58 × 10 17 2.03 × 10 17 1. 49 ... × 10 1 1. 96 × 10 1 1. 38 × 10 2 1. 82 2.93 × 10 1 1. 20 × 10 1 3. 61 × 10 1 2.84 × 10 2 4.80 × 10 1 C 13 .79 8 .19 –3.08 1. 50 29 .17 23 .15 –22.52 -5.39 -28.93 31. 81 26.92 16 .83 8.85 –5.99 29 .17 30 .19 34. 81 ... 10 .40 –6 .13 –2.87 –2.65 –5 .19 –8.22 1. 61 1. 91 0.98 25 .14 38.84 16 .83 19 . 91 –5.39 11 .44 14 . 51 17.56 16 .92 15 .83 38.57 54.40 16 . 01 16.90 14 .75 39.50 26.92 Units Ref.a mol kg 1 atm 1 mol kg–1...

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AEROSOL CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 7 pptx

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... formation of CaxCrOy– ions (m/z 10 8, 12 4, 14 0, 14 8, 18 0, and 19 6) in the positive mode (Figure 7.7) In the negative mode, the cluster class CrxOy– (m/z 84, 10 0, 11 6, 16 8, 18 4, and 200) are always present, ... Research, Supplement, 19 79, 19 55 12 Delamar, M., Analusis, 16 , 419 , 19 88 13 Inni, M.E., Gustafsson, T.E., Koponen, M., and Kalliomaki, P.L., J Aerosol Sci., 15 , 57, 19 84 14 Lautner, G.M., Carler, ... Hyg Assoc., 39, 6 51, 19 78 15 Schroeder, W.H., Dobson, M., Kane, D.M., and Johnson, N.D., J.A.P.C.A., 37 (12 ), 67, 19 87 16 Arber, J.M and Urch, D.S., Analyst., 11 3, 779, 19 88 17 Fischmeister, H.F.,...

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AEROSOL CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 8 pdf

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... Sulfates 10 70 10 56 10 67 10 53 10 50 10 64 10 59 10 50 10 56 10 47 10 47 Li2SO4 ⋅ H2O Na2SO4 Na2SO4 ⋅ 10 H2O K2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 MgSO4 ⋅ 7H2O Phosphates 10 08 996 992 983 975 983 Na2HPO4 (NH4)2HPO4 NH4H2PO4 935 913 ... 5 017 .16 514 5. 31 Krypton-ion laser lines: Wavelength (Å) 5208. 31 5308.65 56 81. 88 6470.88 6764.42 Relative Intensity 0. 01 0. 01 0.07 0 .18 0.07 0 .10 0.36 0.93 0.28 0 .18 1. 00 Relative Intensity 0 .14 ... Francisco, 19 85 14 Adar, F., ACS Symposium Series, 295, 230, 19 86 15 Thurn, R and Kiefer, W., Appl Spectrosc., 38, 78, 19 84 16 Thurn, R and Kiefer, W., Appl Optics., 24, 15 15, 19 85 17 Ashkin,...

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