... HP, Wei HY, Liu XL, Wang J, Lv XQ, Jin P, Yang SY, Zhu QS, Wang ZG: Measurement of polar C-plane and nonpolar A-plane InN /ZnO heterojunctions band offsets by x- rayphotoelectronspectroscopy Appl ... band maximum; VBO: valence band offset; XPS: X- rayphotoelectronspectroscopy Authors’ contributions CJ carried out the experimental analysis and drafted the manuscript YC carried out the experimental ... of ZnO/ BaTiO3 heterojunction measuredby X- rayphotoelectronspectroscopy Appl Phys A 2010, 99: 511 16 You JB, Zhang XW, Song HP, Ying J, Guo Y, Yang AL, Yin ZG, Chen NF, Zhu QS: Energy band...
... Valence-band discontinuities of wurtzite GaN, AlN, andInNheterojunctionsmeasuredby x- ray photoemission spectroscopy Appl Phys Lett 1996, 68:2541 Jia CH, Chen YH, Zhou XL, Liu GH, Guo Y, Liu XL, ... band offsets by x- rayphotoelectronspectroscopy Appl Phys Lett 2006, 88:042113 Wu CL, Shen CH, Gwo S: Valence band offset of wurtzite InN/ AlN heterojunction determined byphotoelectronspectroscopy ... shape by employing a Shirley background Figure Spectra of InN/ STO sample 3d core level peaks for the InNand thin InN /SrTiO3 heterojunction samples, Ti 2p core level peaks for the SrTiO3and InN/ SrTiO3...
... In3d 5/2 and C1s core levels (CLs) in InNand diamond, which are measured in the InN/ diamond heterojunction and ( diamond diamond E C1s − E VBM ) (E InN In 3d / InN − E VBM ) are the InNand diamond ... respectively, measured from the two corresponding thick films VBM stands for valance band maximum The In3d5/2 spectra for the InNand InN/ diamond samples, the C1s spectra for the diamond and InN/ diamond ... samples, and C1s XPS spectra for c diamond and f InN/ diamond samples b InNand d diamond are the valence band spectra All peaks have been fitted using a Shirley background and Voigt (mixed Lorentzian-Gaussian)...
... ð1Þ InN BN BN EVBM Þ, EIn3d5=2 and EB1s are the CLs of w -InN and h-BN Fig CL spectra of In 3d5/2 recorded on w -InN bulk (a) and w -InN/ h-BN (e) Samples, B 1-s spectra on h-BN bulk (c) and w -InN/ h-BN ... 5:1340–1343 1341 XPS measurement was performed on PHI Quantera SXM instrument with Al Ka (hm = 1486.6 eV) as the X- ray radiation source and the angle between the X- ray source and the detector ... given by the formula BN InN BN InN MECBO ¼ Eg À Eg À EVBO Eg and Eg are the band gap of h-BN and w -InN, respectively MECBO is calculated to be 4.99 eV According to these results, a type-II band...
... phosphate and the pH of each solution was measured separately Protein samples were oxidized by addition of mm K3[Fe(CN)6] followed by exchange into water by ultra-filtration methods (Amicon) UV ⁄ Vis spectroscopy ... established by way of peroxidase activity assays and NMR spectroscopy Results Structure determination and overall structure of the various ferricyt c-550 models For the M100K variant two X- ray datasets ... ascertained in this study by NMR Experimental procedures Expression and purification of P versutus cyt c-550 and the M100K variant Wild-type cyt c-550 was heterologously expressed in P denitrificans...
... superfamily of metzincin which exhibits some typical structural features, such as the Met-turn and active-site consensus HExxHxxGxxH sequence [15–17] Some organisms and mammalian tissues recently ... cleaved off by a solvent mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and ethanedithiol, and solvent was evaporated to dryness The resins were then washed with cold ether and the peptides were extracted with ... Huber, R & Bode, W (1995) X- ray structures of human neutrophil collagenase complexed with peptide hydroxamate and peptide thiol inhibitors Implications for substrate binding and rational drug design...
... the former by PAH_1 and FPAH and the latter by PEP and PAH_2 This appears to be the first time that an enolase-PAH complex has crystallised in a nonfully closed conformation The PAH_1 and PAH_2 ... LiOH provided the expected products PAH and FPAH as lithium salts in 28% and 15% overall yield, respectively X- ray crystallography Recombinant T brucei enolase was expressed and purified as previously ... 20 mm of ligand (PEP, PAH or FPAH) for and flash-cooled X- ray diffraction data were collected from two native crystals (referred to as sulfate_2 and sulfate_3 in Table 1) and four ligand-cocrystallised...
... cell and lumen models Let X = · x = width of the double cell wall: s = R · T – [(R – X) · (T – X) ], s = X · (T + R) – X2 , s / S = cell wall proportion If drx = the wood density measuredbyx ray: ... H2 And again, if drx = the wood density measuredbyx ray: apparent density of the cell wall = drx / cell wall proportion = drx · S/s = drx · H2 / (H2 – H’2) The use of rectangular and hexagonal ... 1530 kg/m³ 256 V Decoux et al Figure Finland spruce ring: Wood density measuredby X- rayand calculated from the cell wall proportion (rectangular and hexagonal model) and a cell wall density...
... [24] We further explored this through an examination of deep and superficial cartilage and synovial fluid content of IsoAsp Isomerized aspartate varied by cartilage location and degeneration ... from acute trauma and without pre-existing OA by history or visual inspection Normal cartilage had higher mean IsoAsp and protein and lower mean concentrations of PBS/EDTA extractable GAG than ... modified-tounmodified molecule ratio and provide a potential marker to facilitate clinical treatment and understanding, analogous to the markers HbA1C in diabetes and αCTX-I/βCTX-1 in Paget disease of bone...
... Soft and Hard X- ray Telescopes (SXR and HXR) on-board Yohkoh HXR contours are overlaid onto the SXR loop The positions of X- ray sources are discussed in Section 1.5.3 This image is taken and adapted ... classified by their soft X- ray flux; specifically by the 1-8 ˚ flux A measuredby the Geostationary Orbiting Environmental Satellites (GOES ) at AU The flare classifications are A, B, C, M andX with an X- class ... decays over a much quicker period 1.5.2 The X- rayand gamma -ray solar flare energy spectrum A general example of an expected solar flare X- rayand gamma -ray spectrum is shown in Figure 1.8 The continuum...
... the structural characteristics of the ZnO NRs by x- ray diffraction (XRD), and TEM imaging, followed by optical properties, in particular optical absorption and emission 4.1 Structural characterization ... conduction band of ZnObyZnO band edge absorption and electron transport via Au NPs (Dhara & Giri, unpublished) Fig 20 Photocurrent spectra of the as–grown NRs and Au NPs decorated Au /ZnO NRs heterostructures ... assisted randomly oriented ZnO NRs grown at 800°C In the first step of ZnO NRs growth, a ZnO seed layer was deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering followed by deposition of ultrathin Au layer by DC...
... 2(a) and 2(b) Further increase in growth time to h causes the highly c-axis-oriented hexagonal ZnO grains (as shown in Figure in the next section) to coalesce and form larger aggregated hexagonal ... index), as well as packing densities were 0.986 and 0.978 (extra ordinary refractive index of bulk ZnO, neb = 2.006, and ordinary refractive index of bulk ZnO, nob = 1.990), respectively (Mehan et ... sputtered ZnO films, such high refractive index and packing density may be the extreme values for the sputterred ZnO films In our system, the optical transmittance (85 %), refractive index (1.74) and...
... Fourier expansion is exact as L→∞ E( x , y ) = m ,n = 0, ±1, ±2,, ± L Emn exp(ikx x + iky y + 2π im / dx + 2π in / dy ) (1) In equation (1), 2D periodic structure of the periodicities of dx and ... quantitatively expressed by using effective refractive index (Iwanaga, 2007a); it was found that, as a wave plate, the x axis is fast axis of effective refractive index of about and the y axis is very ... Metallic Nanorod Array and Their Application 83 both xand y axes in Figs 5(a), 5(b), and 5(c), respectively Grey denotes the xy section of Ag nanorods, which is 50×50 nm2 in the xy plane The height...
... (Pimentel et al., 2006) They produced ZnO thin films with resistivities from x1 04 to x1 09 Ω cm and revealed that the preparation of ZnO films without oxygen exposure in an RF sputtering chamber ... undoped and Al-doped ZnO nanorod array-based UV sensors were 16(16) and 3(10) s, respectively This result suggests that the Al-doped ZnO nanorod array improved the photoresponse of the sensor by increasing ... vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol.122, No.1, pp.18, ISSN 0254-0584 Lupan, O.; et al (2007) Nanofabrication and characterization of ZnO nanorod arrays and branched...
... resonance [7-8] bands of GNRs The particle and aggregate average size were measuredby the dynamic light scattering method (DLS), and the particle shape and cluster structure were examined by transmission ... from ZnO nanorod arrays showed a high sensitivity to H2 from room temperature to a maximum sensitivity at 250 °C and a detection limit of 20 ppm In addition, the ZnO gas sensor also exhibited excellent ... synthesized by a simple reduction process of silver nitrate in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X- ray diffraction (XRD), transmission-electron...
... nanorods can be observed by dispersing them in a gel or www.intechopen.com Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nanorods 173 polymer matrix, and then stretching the matrix uniaxially, thus aligning ... wavelength of light in vacuum, and εm the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium and ε1 and ε2 are the real (n2 - k2) and imaginary (2nk) parts of the complex dielectric function of the ... The longitudinal and transverse plasmon resonance can be computed as a function of aspect ratio either by using analytical expression put forth by Gans in 1912 (Gans, 1912) or by using one of...
... 84 3603 [143] Xu C Xand Sun X W 2003 Field emission from zinc oxide nanopins Appl Phys Lett 83 3806 [144] Zhu Y W, Zhang H Z, Sun X C, Feng S Q, Xu J, Zhao Q, Xiang B, Wang R M and Yu D P 2003 ... arrays of ZnOand hierarchical ZnO nanostructures have also been fabricated by Gao and Wang [38] and Lao et al [39] by simply heating commercial ZnOand SnO2 (or In2O3) mixed powder at elevated temperature, ... bulk ZnO, ultrafine ZnO nanorods showed a systematic blue shift in their PL peak position by decreasing their diameter S26 Moreover, Yi and coworkers have also synthesized the ZnO/ Zn1−xMgxO coaxial...
... isolated ZnO nanowires, (b) ZnO nanowires embedded in a polycarbonate template, (c) free standing ZnO nanowire arrays after removal of the template, and (d) representative energy-dispersive X- rayspectroscopy ... from ZnO to NPB and are accumulated on the ZnO side near the ZnO/ NPB interface, and gradually fill up the conduction band of ZnO, which eventually results in a blue-shifted and broadened excitonic ... bilayered ZnO nanowire arrays induced by secondary growth [207] (c) SEM image of multilayered ZnO nanowire arrays sandwiched between parallel disks [208] (d) SEM image of four-layered ZnO nanowire arrays...
... put in an oven and heated at 130°C for h After reaction, the foil was taken out of the autoclave and washed with water for several times and then dried in air X- ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of ... (PL) was curried out with a SPEX FL-2T2 fluorophotometer with an excited wavelength of 325 nm Water contact angle (CA) of the ZnO micro/nanotube arrays was measuredby using a Dataphysics OCA20 ... such as ZnOand ZnS [13, 41] The crystal structure of the products was also investigated using XRD and the pattern is shown in Fig In this pattern, all the sharp diffraction peak can be indexed to...
... to the interaction of metal clusters andZnO matrix Charge transfer between Al andZnO was reported by XPS study and the ferromagnetism could be explained by Coey’s charge transfer model Furthermore, ... 2.2.1 X- ray diffraction (XRD) 37 2.2.2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 39 2.2.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 41 2.2.4 X- rayphotoelectronspectroscopy (XPS) ... prediction of ZnO as a potential candidate for a magnetic semiconductor host in 2000 [3], extensive experimental and theoretical work had been focused on doped ZnOand even undoped ZnO to investigate...