... information is, in fact, a limitation that has been
emphasised by many authors working with agricultural and land use planning in recent
years (see, for instance, Vaughan et al., 1995; and Chidley ... initial space for five persons.
The first extract is an example of academic register, used, for instance, in
dissertations and academic journals. This typically uses cautious language
like apparent ... real
time.
The last extract uses a very formal tone, suitable fora semi-legal text.
Verbs such as identifies, adhered to and allocated, the use of passives (be
allocated), and special vocabulary (persons...
... Display" tab, that the preferences on each tab are
managed separately and that you’ll need to select ‘‘Always’’ again. Enable the check
box for ‘‘Automatically Show and Hide the Dock’’ and ... /Local/Default read /Users/marczak RealName
RealName:
Edward R. Marczak
The dscl command can also be used to add an attribute/value pair to a record by
creating it:
$ sudo dscl . create ... directory and manipulate MCX data. The Apple tools actually encode and
decode MCX data as needed, so you may not be successful. Outside of the ldapmodify
command, to get a blob of information into a...
... illustrating how to achieve this cru-
cial goal.
6. APPEALING IS REVEALING
Do make your letter easy to read.
The visual appearance of aletter is as vital as its content, maybe even more so. Be-
cause ... letters often.
Always write a thank you letterfora referral, and a follow-up letter after a meeting
or interview. If your candidacy seems to have stalled, write again to make some-
thing happen—don’t ... 10000
Dear Chief Financial Officer:
To maintain continued growth, a company must have financial and management
professionals who are capable of identifying and seizing market opportunities
before...
... publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record has been ... Centre for English Language Education (CELE) at
The University of Nottingham who have piloted these
materials, and in particular my colleagues Ann Smith,
Janet Sanders, John Rabone and Sandra Haywood ... and paraphrasing
ã Contains twenty-three units on accuracy in writing
ã Adaptable for both long and short courses
Any international student wishing to maximise his or her academic potential...
...
Quotations
4.5 Comparison Essay
Read the essay carefully and find:
a) a definition
b) an example
c) a generalisation
d) a phrase expressing cause and effect
e) a passive
f) a phrase expressing caution
g) ... e-education) has emerged as a potential rival
to traditional classroom learning. It normally involves
having access to a secure site on the internet where a
graded series of lessons are available, ... students learn vocabulary
b) Student attitudes to the cinema
c) A comparison of undergraduate and post -graduate leisure
activities
4.4 Taking Ideas from Sources
195
3. The next step is to make notes...
... it.
P
ARAPHRASING
/
SUMMARIZING
/
QUOTING
There are three ways for you to use information, data, details, facts, and figures that you may have discovered
in your research. Paraphrasing and summarizing ... including soda and chips and paper goods. And exactly what did you
mean by a blast? Last year there was an organized volleyball game. Is that happening again this year? Should
they bring volleyballs? ... an organization plan, and identify
the need for specific information.
ow that you are familiar with reading and writingfor information and understanding as demanded
by important test situations,...
... a title, and students must be quite
clear what question the title is asking before starting to plan the
essay and read around the topic. This unit deals with analysing titles
and making basic ...
critically
Suggest Give a detailed account
Summarise Look at the various parts and their
relationships
8
The Writing Process: Writing Foundations
was indeed the aspiration of almost all governments, ... so that by the late 1980s only the most
honest countries confessed to having as many as
half their population illiterate, and only ten – all but
Afghanistan in Africa – were prepared to admit...
... information or data (collectively,
“information”) made available at the company
web site are provided “as is”, without warranties of
any kind. The Company expressly disclaims any
representations ...
Where might each one be found?
Academic Jargon
Archaic Journalistic
Formal Literary
4. Match the examples below with the types of English listed
above:
a) Demographic data are given in Table 1. Twenty-
three ... of Asia and suggest possible
approaches to halting their spread.
1.5 Understanding Purpose and
Register
Having decided that a text is reliable, a student must read and
understand as much as...
...
South-East Asia and South America, and have recently
begun to spread across India and Africa. Formerly under
control in many areas, the disease now threatens two
billion people living in more than ... clarity and
organisation are important to save time and errors at the writing
stage.
1. What are the main reasons for note-taking?
Add to the ideas below.
a) to avoid plagiarism
b)
c)
d)
2. ... Synonyms
3.2 Academic Vocabulary
24
The Writing Process: Reading and Note-making
vaccines for the plague, one of which has begun clinical
trials. In parts of Africa drug-resistant strains of the
disease...
... completed its planned new
capital, Abuja. Both Brazil and Malaysia have found that
the building of new capitals (Brasilia and Putrajaya) can
sharply increase the national burden of debt. Even ... reported that baboons are able to think
abstractly. It has been known for some time that
chimpanzees are capable of abstract thought, but
baboons are a more distant relation to mankind. In ... literature to describe plants and
animals which have had DNA introduced into them by
means other than the ‘natural’ process of an egg and a
sperm.
New species have always evolved through natural...
...
market, e.g. local
TV advertising very expensive (to make and show)
many people video TV and fast forward adverts
newspaper adverts can be prepared more quickly
TV adverts can reach a wider audience
a) ... of advertising on TV with advertising
in newspapers. What are the main differences? Are there
any similarities?
TV adverts more lively, dynamic
newspaper adverts can be targeted at a special ... Organising Paragraphs
45
1. topic
2. restatement
3. reason
4. example
5. information
5. The sentences below form a paragraph, but have been
mixed up.
Rewrite them in the correct order and analyse...
... ideas if necessary.
Cultural adaptation among overseas students at an
Australian university.
a)
The research programme
purpose: to study how students from different cultural
backgrounds adapt ... many
countries. the Atlantic
moderates extreme types of weather, and . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the weather pattern can change radically from
year to year. As a result warm days in winter and ... university
b) Reasons why classroom based education remains
popular:
students can be part of group; receive support
and advice; learn from colleagues
students have face-to-face contact with a teacher
is...
... encourage extra
traffic. This may be partly true, but the alternatives are
equally problematic. Road pricing has many practical
difficulties, while people are reluctant to use public
transport. ... Comparison
4.5 Comparison Essay
68
Elements of Writing
3. Analyse the following paragraph in a similar way:
Obesity is a growing problem in many countries. It can
lead to various medical conditions ... eat
this unhealthy diet.
Problem
Cause A
Argument against cause A
Cause B
Conclusion in favour of B
4. Use the following points to build an argument in one paragraph:
Topic: University expansion
Problem:...
... is a pattern of anti-social . found in
many schools.
f) Recycling is a in which materials are used
again.
g) A
recession is a of reduced economic
activity.
h) Post codes are afor making mail ... higher in Germany than in
France. (most formal)
(High/low are used for comparing abstract concepts such as
rates.)
Ones can replace the noun when used with an adjective:
German letters are more ... normal dictionaries), very
recent, or with no widely agreed meaning.
Word Category Detail Use
A lecture is a formal talk given to a large
group,
often used for
teaching.
An assignment is a task...