what why and how

Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 3): Distribution in the Body docx

Tài liệu Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 3): Distribution in the Body docx

Ngày tải lên : 22/01/2014, 00:20
... determined by molecular size and electrical charge Fenestrated endothelia are found in the capillaries of the gut and endocrine glands In the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), capillary ... space (area shown in ochre), accumulate in the membrane, and exit into the cytosol (blue area) Direction and speed of permeation depend on the relative concentrations in the fluid phases and the membrane ... water), and smaller in the obese and the aged The concentration (c) of a solution corresponds to the amount (D) of substance dissolved in a volume (V); thus, c = D/V If the dose of drug (D) and its...
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Organic Chemicals in the Environment pdf

Organic Chemicals in the Environment pdf

Ngày tải lên : 14/03/2014, 19:20
... calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc and can therefore contribute to mineral deficiencies, as the minerals are not released from the phytate and are thus unavailable to the body Good and bad effects of ... bacteria and larger organisms Biofilms found on the hull of a ship consist of large organisms like barnacles, mussels, and host of other zooplankton and phytoplankton These biofilms slow a ship and ... reticulum and mitchondrial membranes have small amounts of cholesterol Detergents and Lysophospholipids O- Detergents are amphipathic molecules that can have charged or uncharged head groups and single...
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Novel Materials in the Environment: The case of nanotechnology ppt

Novel Materials in the Environment: The case of nanotechnology ppt

Ngày tải lên : 15/03/2014, 16:20
... different attributes of the materials in question and their applications However, the functionality of the material, i.e what it is designed to and how it is capable of achieving it, appears to be ... new and emerging technologies and identify at the earliest possible stage areas where potential health, safety, environmental, social, ethical and regulatory issues may arise and advise on how ... MATERIALS AND NANOMATERIALS 2.9 As already noted (1.16 and 2.4), the properties and hence functionalities of nanomaterials can be very different from those of the bulk form and the component atoms and...
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Acid in the environment lessons learned and future prospects ertu

Acid in the environment lessons learned and future prospects ertu

Ngày tải lên : 16/03/2014, 11:43
... landscape and bringing these new and candidate members of the EU into full compliance with LRTAP standards A major source of pollutants that cause acid deposition in areas of eastern Canada and ... high air quality standards upheld by both LRTAP and EU policies and continued movement toward even tougher standards will be halted by the votes of these new members Andonova, however, does not ... Command and Control: What' s the Best Approach for Solving Environmental Problems?" Winston Harrington and Richard Morgenstem use several case studies to provide an ex post evaluation of command -and- control...
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Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Current and Future Perspectives pot

Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Current and Future Perspectives pot

Ngày tải lên : 16/03/2014, 22:20
... enables identification and quantification without derivatization and typically results in lower detection limits (below ng/L and ng/g for liquid and solid samples, respectively) and better precision ... al [4] and Thomas and Hilton [77] in the UK; Heberer et al [35] and Ternes et al [73] in Germany; Halling-Sørensen et al [34] in Denmark; Buser et al [10] and Tixier et al [77] in Switzerland; ... human drug and biologics applications US Dept of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, US Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research...
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOILS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ppt

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOILS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ppt

Ngày tải lên : 23/03/2014, 01:20
... areas of land We cannot manage effectively and sustainably that which we not know and thoroughly understand That is why the tasks of developing and disseminating sound knowledge of the soil and its ... nature and has set itself free of its constraints Agriculture and food security, erosion and salination, degradation of natural ecosystems, depletion and pollution of surface waters and aquifers, and ... woodland and grassland at Rothamsted Research in southern England The changes were assessed in light of the measured increases in acid deposition at this location, as shown in Figure 2, and are...
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Artificial Light in the Environment ppt

Artificial Light in the Environment ppt

Ngày tải lên : 29/03/2014, 14:20
... existing National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the equivalent National Scenic Areas in Scotland seek to eliminate unnecessary outdoor light and to better design and manage that which ... Outstanding Natural Beauty and the equivalent National Scenic Areas in Scotland seek to eliminate unnecessary outdoor light and to better design and manage that which cannot be eliminated, and ... nuisance legislation in England and Wales, and Scotland keep the legislation under review 3.19 Because light at night has brought undisputable benefits, its use has expanded to the point where it...
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Odor Pollution in the Environment and the Detection Instrumentation potx

Odor Pollution in the Environment and the Detection Instrumentation potx

Ngày tải lên : 29/03/2014, 14:20
... J W and P N Bartlett 1996 Performance definition and standardization of electronic noses Sensors and Actuators B 33: 60-67 Gardner, J W and P N Bartlett 1999 Electronic Noses Principles and Applications ... cyclodextrine and chloroform In this way, computational chemistry helps to achieve a better understanding of what happens during the inclusion process This saves time- and money-consuming synthesis and ... Hansen and Rindel • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (2000); Koe and Yang (2000) 84 - 100% Wuebker and Friedrich • n-Butanol (C4H10O) (1996) Hybrid bioreactor: 65 - 100% Yeom and Yoo (1999) • Biofilter and...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 1 pot

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 1 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... to understand the introduction, transformation, and potential health and environmental effects of PPCPs and ECs, in general, is the number of published reports This increase can be shown by examining ... during deployment However, as the studies reviewed herein show, the POCIS and SPMDs are collecting detectable amounts of PPCPs, and better environmental calibration will only expand the use of these ... discharged and transported through the aquatic environment, and ultimately result in exposure to human and aquatic life As the results of these diverse studies converge, and a more detailed understanding...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 2 docx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 2 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... 57% and 67% for bezafibrate Low method limits of detection were reported for ibuprofen, diclofenac, and bezafibrate They were ng/L in ground and surface waters and ng/L in WWTP samples, and and ... neutral drugs and metabolites Multiresidue method for neutral and acidic drugs Multiresidue method for 15 drugs and human metabolites Multiresidue method for neutral and acidic drugs and metabolites ... [Optimization of stationary phases and pH] SPE: HLB, pH 10; MeOH [Optimization of washing and eluting solvent, and of pH] Multiresidue method for neutral and acidic drugs and metabolites GW, SW, WW SPE:...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 3 pdf

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 3 pdf

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... 16 FIGURE 3.2 UV chromatograms of a standard 1.0% humic acids after cleanup with (a) tC18 SPE, (b) HLB SPE, (c) tandem SAX and HLB SPE, and (d) tandem SAX and tC18 SPE (a) (b) (c) FIGURE 3.3 A ... Treatment Handbook, 1991 Cachan: Lavoisier Publishing Ternes, T.A., Andersen, H., Gilberg, D., and Bonerz, M., 2002 Determination of estrogens in sludge and sediments by liquid extraction and GC/MS/MS ... D., Compano, R., Hernandez-Arteseros, J.A., and Granados, M., 2006 Determination of flumequine and oxolinic acid in sediments and soils by microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography-fluorescence...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 4 potx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 4 potx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... Gd–DTPA2– and Gd(HP-DO3A) produced no lethality up to 200 g/L, and Gd(CPA-DO3A)– produced lethality of 17% and 31% at 24-hour exposures of 100 g/L and 200 g/L.34 The toxicity of metals and their ... 40, 88, 194, 426, 937, and 2062 mg/L for the test compound gadobutrol; 0, 2, 4, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L for the test compound gadofosveset trisodium; and 63, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/L for the ... water and to various concentrations of the substances (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0, and 1000.0 mg/L in case of gadobutrol and gadoxetic acid disodium, 100 mg/L in case of dimeglumine gadopentetate, and...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 5 pot

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 5 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... general understanding of the fate and transport of medicines in the soil environment and to develop approaches for predicting how a substance will behave in the soil environment There are, however, ... structure, pH, organic carbon content, and cation exchange capacity of the soil matrix; and climatic conditions such as temperature and rainfall volume and intensity Most work to date on contaminant ... that alters the speciation and fate of the medicines.36 It has been shown that overland transport from ploughed soils is significantly lower than runoff from grasslands.45 5.4.3 DRAIN FLOW The...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 6 pptx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 6 pptx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... region and time after land application; and (3) correlation between time after application and rainfall events on chemical loadings to aquatic systems Research is also needed to understand how manure ... shown to have a high affinity for the positively charged surfaces of metal-hydrous oxides, with Kf and N values of 150 mol1–N kg–1 LN and 0.95 for Al-hydrous oxides and 59.1 mol1–N kg–1 LN and ... HORMONES 6.4.1 SORPTION BY SOIL AND SEDIMENT The occurrence of natural and synthetic estrogens and androgens in surface waters has sparked interest by the research community and the general public because...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 7 pot

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 7 pot

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... to take some first steps toward understanding how the compounds move to surface water, how long they persist in soil, and what transformation processes and products are evident in environmental ... Rabølle and Spliid (2000) performed a leaching study with tylosin in packed soil cores of two soil types: a sandy loam and a sandy type The Kd values described for those soils were 128 and 10.8, ... rested firmly on the sand Soil columns were allowed to drain, and those with drainage times of 24 to 48 h were chosen for the experiment and were randomly divided among treatment and control groups...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 8 potx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 8 potx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... experiments with chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline, the effect of stimulated nitrogen uptake shown by wheat and corn plants grown on a sandy loam demonstrated the uptake and activity of the residues ... Figure 8.2 pKa values are 2.4 and 7.4 and 1.8 and 6.0 for sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole, respectively.61 Sulfamethazine is a frequently used veterinary antibiotic, and in a previous study it ... Del Castillo, J., and Juneau, V., Sorption kinetics of chlortetracycline and tylosin on sandy loam and heavy clay soils, J Environ Qual., 35, 969, 2006 26 Weerasinghe, C.A and Towner, D., Aerobic...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 9 docx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 9 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... 2, and days after plants were treated with CTC (A) Maize control (MCR) and CTC-treated (MTR) plants (B) Pinto bean control (PCR) and CTC-treated (PTR) plants Values represent the mean and standard ... clay, sand, organic matter, and mineral content, all of which play an important role in antibiotic sorption For instance, sulfonamide antibiotics adsorb more strongly to clay than to sand, and in ... organic compounds have been shown to accumulate in the fruits of apple and peach trees.13 Trichloroethylene, a cleaning and degreasing agent widely used for industrial and military purposes in the...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 10 docx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 10 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (log Kow = 3.06, 0.89, and 0.91, respectively) and is therefore more likely to partition onto solids and have higher removal rates Diclofenac, carbamazepine, bezafibrate, and ... Kim, S.D., Cho, J., Kim, I.S., Vanderford, B.J., and Snyder, S.A Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface, drinking, and waste waters, Water Res ... trimethoprim, and erythromycin-H2O were removed through PAC adsorption by 21%, 93%, and 65%, respectively, in a natural water of DOC 3.5 mg/L with mg/L PAC dose and contact time of h.16 These findings show...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 11 docx

Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 11 docx

Ngày tải lên : 18/06/2014, 16:20
... detected in two raw water samples at 1.0 and 1.4 ng/L and in two finished waters at 1.1 and 2.3 ng/L These values are near the MRL of 1.0 ng/L Progesterone and androstenedione were each detected in ... Roth, P., Effects of androgenic and estrogenic compounds on the experimental metamorphoses of amphibians Gynecol and Obstet 1948, 47, 164–176 Hignite, C and Azarnoff, D.L., Drugs and drug metabolites ... Faust, S.D and Hunter, J.V., Principles and Applications of Water Chemistry John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1967 68 Gallard, H and von Gunten, U., Chlorination of phenols: Kinetics and formation...
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