what are the effects of acidic deposition on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the northeastern united states and how have these ecosystems responded to changes in emissions and deposition
AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 1 pptx
... that emissions of sulfur and nitrogen from power plants, industrial facilities, and motor vehicles are linked to acidic deposition in many parts of the world The potential effects of acidic deposition ... understanding in some areas, modified it in others, and led to the development of new paradigms and perspectives in still other areas of research The primary aim of this book is to summarize and synthesize ... advancements since 1990 in the state of scientific understanding of the aquatic effects of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur It is intended to emphasize advancements in those aspects of aquatic...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 2 potx
... titration, the concentration of proton donors equals the concentrations of proton acceptors), the total strong-acid anion concentrations, and the individual uncomplexed anion charges (zj), at the ... that changes in weathering rates were unlikely The observed decline in atmospheric deposition of base cations explained most of the decline in the concentration of base cations in stream water The ... Further increase in the extent and abundance of filamentous green algae in lake littoral areas and streams Continued shift in the species composition and decline in species richness of the phytoplankton,...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 3 potx
... the effects of acidic deposition on a regional scale A critical limitation of much of the acidic deposition effects research conducted to date has been, however, the nature of the questions being ... short-term or long-term toxicity of the water to aquatic or terrestrial biota Acidic deposition generally increases the concentration of acid anions in solution These anions are to some extent ... acidic deposition in these areas is less clear The western U.S contains many of the surface waters most susceptible to potential acidification effects, but the levels of acidic deposition in the...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 4 doc
... year in wet deposition These levels of deposition are moderate compared to other regions of the country Deposition of base cations is an important component in uencing the acidity of deposition in ... commonly have been observed Analyses of wet deposition monitoring data illustrate that S deposition has declined in the northeastern U.S in response to emissions reductions in the Midwest and ... in the concentration of SO42- in surface waters over the past one to two decades have been driven primarily by changes in S emissions and deposition, concurrent changes in the concentration of...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 5 pdf
... study lakes in the Trail Ridge region showed some evidence of acidification, some strongly linked in timing to both the period of increasing acidic deposition and increased water consumption Trail ... comparisons of deposition and potential impacts between these regions, however Interpretation of deposition impacts is confounded by the importance of natural marine deposition of SO42- and Cl- in Florida ... Waters Monitoring Network to assess the critical loads of S and the likely future recovery of acidified surface waters in response to the emissions controls agreed upon in the Second Sulfur Protochols...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 6 pdf
... all of the incoming N In contrast, during highflow periods, a portion of the increased N is not utilized, mainly because drainage water containing relatively high concentrations of NO3- moves too ... would be toxic to many species of fish Nevertheless, all of these streams had minimum weekly average concentrations of µg/L and during 25% of the weeks during the course of the year, the average ... in the areas of concern A great deal of the research on episodic processes, both before and after 1990, has focused at least in part on the identification of source areas of storm flow within the...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 7 pot
... An international conference on N and its environmental effects was convened in The Netherlands in March 1998, under the Convention on LongRange Transboundary Air Pollution of the United Nations ... 1980s and have subsequently been declining, N emissions have remained stable in recent years or in some areas have been increasing Emissions into the atmosphere of N oxides (NOx) are mainly derived ... showed increased net N mineralization, as did the stands in the midpoint of the spruce–fir transect, relative to the stands receiving the lowest N deposition With one exception, net nitrification was...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 8 pot
... change) have been under investigation as they relate to ecosystem responses to acidic deposition Some of the most important contributions to the state of scientific understanding of the aquatic effects ... 1991 and again during late fall and winter Loss of NO3- continued during the second year of treatment, including increased losses during the growing season However, the watershed retention of deposited ... 2:18 PM 176 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition Increasing deposition of S and/ or N Excluding the previously existing deposition via construction of roofs over entire forested plots or mini-catchments...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 9 pot
... focused on pH reconstructions for these lakes because of the underlying importance of pH and its in uence on the mobilization of potentially toxic Al and controls on the biological responses to acidification ... not, however, include examination of the effects on model output of including N dynamics in the model simulations A suite of simulations was conducted based on the application of an assumed deposition ... assumption is probably reasonable, as long as changes in N deposition in the future are modest The difficulty is predicting the timing and magnitude of the changes in the percent N retained by...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 10 pot
... modeling the response of lake waters in the Adirondack Mountains to acidic deposition Once organic acids are included in the modeling approach, reasonable agreement is obtained in hindcast comparisons ... Preserve, and then, finally, creation of the Park in 1892 The second important sequence of events involved changes in the forest industries The construction of railroads within the region permitted ... 1990) The dominant anion in the snowpack is generally NO3- This is owing to the seasonal patterns in deposition, which show highest N concentrations in precipitation during winter and highest S concentrations...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 11 pot
... Tongue River soils, persist at the northern and southern ends of the range They are mainly limestone, sandstone, and clay shale The granite, gneiss, and schist of the high mountain areas of the ... regarding the acid-sensitivity of aquatic resources in four national parks within the region: Glacier, Yellowstone, Grand Teton, and Rocky Mountain Of these, aquatic resources are most sensitive in ... high-elevation areas of the West contained some of the most sensitive watersheds in the world to the potential effects of acidic deposition It is important to determine critical loads of S and N deposition...
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AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 12 (END) doc
... during a titration, the concentration of proton donors equals the concentration of proton acceptors Equivalent—Unit of ionic concentration, a mole of charge; the quantity of a substance that either ... supplied to buffer incoming acid cations; this rate is determined by the relative rate of mineral weathering, the availability of base cations on exchange sites, and the rate of mobile anion leaching ... solution, such as water, the total charge of positive ions (cations) equals the total charge of negative ions (anions) Anion deficit The concentration of measured cations minus measured anions;...
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Báo cáo y học: The effects of interleukin-8 on airway smooth muscle contraction in cystic fibrosis" pot
... migration in CF and control The effects of IL-8 on ASM cell migration in CF and control cells Histogram illustrates the IL-8 induced migration of CF and control cells at concentrations of 10 and 100 ... account for the enhancement of the contraction in response to IL-8 by measuring the expression of CXCRs and the effects of IL-8 on [Ca2+]i Flow cytometry confirmed our previous report of CXCR and expression ... blotting for myosin light chain kinase and calponin Many inflammatory cytokines are produced in the airways in CF patients [13] Several studies have documented increased levels of interleukin-8...
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Báo cáo y học: "Mechanisms of quadriceps muscle weakness in knee joint osteoarthritis: the effects of prolonged vibration on torque and muscle activation in osteoarthritic and healthy control subjects" pps
... in the conception and design of the study, analysis and interpretation of the data and in the revision of the manuscript GL was involved in the conception and design of the study, collection and ... contributions DR was involved in the conception and design of the study, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data and the drafting and revision of the manuscript PM was involved in ... γ-motoneuron pools The γ-motoneuron pool in turn innervates muscle spindle endings via fusimotor nerve fibres, enhancing their firing Muscle spindles provide a tonic excitatory input to the homonymous...
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THE EFFECTS OF ORAL QUIZZES ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN LEARNING SPEAKING ENGLISH AND SPEAKING ABILITY
... motivation in learning speaking is to inform the students that they are being assessed continually on their speaking practice in class throughout the term and to portion a percentage of their final ... in the way in which the term motivation has been defined It is important to note that these definitions are not contrary to one another, but rather complement each other in clarifying the concept ... data and to have an in- depth understanding of the effects of oral quizzes on the participants’ motivation in learning speaking English and their speaking ability as well as the correlation between...
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Báo cáo " Effects of macro elements on biomass and ginsenoside production in cell suspension culture of Ngoc Linh ginseng " docx
... for 10-30 min, and then rinsed repeatedly with sterile distilled water The sterilized roots were cut into sections of 2-10 mm and then were inoculated into MS solid medium [7] containing 30 g/L ... concentration of macro elements in the MS medium Cultures were maintained in 300 ml conical flasks for weeks Concentration of macro element NH4NO3 KNO3 Determination and analyses Extraction and ... in the experiment and the inoculum size g/flask (fresh weight) The other cultural conditions were done as described by [9] Results and discussion Effects of macro elements on biomass and ginsenoside...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Effects of glatiramer acetate on fatigue and days of absence from work in first-time treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis" doc
... Authors' contributions RA, JH and TZ were responsible for the conception of the study TZ drafted the article All authors contributed to the interpretation of the results and revising the article ... conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki (Hong Kong Amendment) and pertinent national legal and regulatory requirements Each patient provided written, informed consent and was free to ... assessed, and data collection during physician consultations rather than with patients' diaries, which may have introduced some degree of anamnestic error into the findings The absence of a control...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Effects of canopy opening on height and diameter growth in naturally regenerated beech seedlings" pps
... about the main limitation of the study, which was that we did not control the initial conditions before canopy opening We had no information on initial light conditions in the stand Moreover, the ... sliding microtome The microsections were rinsed in water, stained with an aqueous 1% solution of safranin for one minute, and rinsed in 96% alcohol The microsections were then placed on slides and ... seedlings in natural regeneration is to study the response of seedlings to both types of variation The effects of the degree of canopy closure on beech seedlings have been studied under natural and...
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Effects of phosphate deficiency on photosynthesis and accumulation of starch and soluble sugars in 1-year-old seedlings of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait)" doc
... In this paper, we determined the effects of P deficiency on the photosynthesis and nonstructural carbohydrate content in maritime pine seedlings The main parameters of the biochemical model of ... assimilation of Farquhar et al (1980) were calculated The contribution of stomatal conductance and leaf nonstructural carbohydrate to the limitation of photosynthesis in P-deficient plants are discussed ... absence of light respiration, and Oand Ci are the partial pressures of oxygen and CO inside the leaf, and Kc, Ko are the Michaelis-Menten constants of Rubisco for CO O and Rd, the day 22 and (light)...
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Effects of exogenous ABA on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of cut twigs from oak" doc
... Results relations Effects of cutting creasing reactions with concentrations below 10! M were observed Increasing Cutting caused an immediate and steep decrease in stomatal conductance (g) and net C0 ... assimilation (A) (Fig 1and a rapid increase of water potential (!yw), the latter being a direct consequence of both a reduction in transpiration (E) and the removal of all the resistances to water ... response to ABA (Downton et al., 1988) could contradict these conclusions, but there is still not enough evidence to demonstrate the reality of this behavior Cowan I.R C0 levels Downton W.J.S., Wong...
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