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Báo cáo y học: "Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, radiography, and clinical assessment of inflammatory and destructive changes in fingers and toes of patients with psoriatic arthritis" pot
Ngày tải lên :
09/08/2014, 10:21
... the validation of the findings is minimal The aim of the present study was to assess US for the detection of inflammatory and destructive changes in finger and toe joints, tendons, and entheses ... MRI was used as the standard reference method for the calculation of the sensitivity and specificity of US, x-ray, and clinical examination [12] The statistical software used was SPSS version ... Ultrasonography observations in psoriasis-associated arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy control persons All Psoriasis-associated arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Healthy control persons MCP...
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báo cáo hóa học:" What do standard radiography and clinical examination tell about the shoulder with cuff tear arthropathy?" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 04:20
... glenoid [16] The extent of this bony wear seems to be related to the seriousness of the disease [20,21] These AP-views are also useful to evaluate some morphological osseous properties of the shoulder ... on the clinical status of the patient This is in contrast with the statement of Nové-Josserand et al who demonstrates a strong statistical correlation between the Constant score versus Hamada stage ... radiograph is used today to document patients with rotator cuff tear arthropathy Furthermore this basic investigation is applied to distinguish various types of the disease with specific therapeutical...
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báo cáo hóa học:" What do standard radiography and clinical examination tell about the shoulder with cuff tear arthropathy?" docx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 07:20
... glenoid [16] The extent of this bony wear seems to be related to the seriousness of the disease [20,21] These AP-views are also useful to evaluate some morphological osseous properties of the shoulder ... on the clinical status of the patient This is in contrast with the statement of Nové-Josserand et al who demonstrates a strong statistical correlation between the Constant score versus Hamada stage ... radiograph is used today to document patients with rotator cuff tear arthropathy Furthermore this basic investigation is applied to distinguish various types of the disease with specific therapeutical...
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Báo cáo y học: "proximal interphalangeal joints in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging, conventional radiography and clinical examination" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
09/08/2014, 07:20
... versus clinical joint assessment in finger joints Signs of inflammation US + clinical assessment US only Clinical assessment only Joints with no signs of inflammation on US or clinical assessment ... ultrasonography was more sensitive than clinical examination in assessing signs of inflammation, with only a slight loss of specificity The present study strongly encourages further studies of use ... were assessed in all accessible aspects of the joints and registered separately In MCP joints, of which 108 exhibited ultrasonographic signs of inflammation, these signs were present on both the...
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Báo cáo y học: " The Chinese version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scale: Replication and extension to non-clinical and clinical individuals with OCD symptoms" pps
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 15:22
... validation of the schedule of compulsions, obsessions, and pathological impulses (SCOPI) Assessment 2005, 12:50-65 Foa EB, Kozak MJ, Salkovskis P, Coles ME, Amir N: The validation of a new obsessive-compulsive ... Characteristic analyses; SCID-CV: Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders, clinician version; SCOPI: the Schedule of Compulsions, Obsessions, and Pathological Impulses; VOCI: the ... nervous system diseases, or mental illness (except OCD patients); (3) had a history of substance abuse These exclusion criteria ensured that all the participants could understand the procedures in...
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Báo cáo y học: "Natural history and clinical significance of MRI-detected bone marrow lesions at the knee: a prospective study in community dwelling older adults" pot
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 15:22
... confirmed in future studies Further analysis with the WOMAC pain sub-scales demonstrated consistent results in those without ROA We found that changes in BML size was associated with changes in knee pain ... with the greatest BML size This may bias towards shallow but flat lesions; however, it is customary to measure BMLs this way The majority of previous studies also grade BMLs on the slice with the ... to slow disease progression as well as reduce pain in patients with OA BMLs are visualised using standard fluid-sensitive sequences; however, new advanced imaging analysis techniques (such as...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 1 docx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... cos χ −sinχ xS xS ⎝ yS ⎠ = ⎝0 cos θ −sinθ⎠ ◦ ⎝ sin χ cos χ 0⎠ ◦ ⎝⎝ yS ⎠ − ⎝ ⎠⎠ zS zS sin θ cos θ 0 zq (2.8) ⎛ ⎞ ⎞ ⎛ xS xs cos χ − ys sin χ or finally ⎝ yS ⎠ = ⎝ xs sin χ cos θ + ys cos χ cos θ ... real emission characteristic is simulated The intensity distribution of the source is thus understood as the probability distribution of the necessary parameters, namely position and angle The main ... Rays with Optical Elements 2.5.1 Coordinate Systems The definition of the coordinate system used in RAY is shown in Figs 2.6 and 2.7 Its origin lies in the centre of the source (with the x-axis...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 2 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... equations Reflectivity Rs , Rp , Δsp Gratings Diffraction Efficiency Es , Ep , Δsp Foils Fresnel equations Transmission Ts , Tp , Δsp Slits Zone-plates – – Transmission Ts , Tp = Δsp = Transmission Ts ... and polarisation state RAY employs the Stokes formalism for this purpose The Stokes vector S = (S0 , S1 , S2 , S3 ) describing the polarisation (S1 , S2 : linear, S3 : circular polarisation) for ... is given either as free input parameter or, for dipole sources, is calculated according to the Schwinger theory S0 , the start intensity √ of the ray from the source S0 = S1 + S2 + S3 , is set...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 3 doc
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... parameters used in running the codes are given to assist new users 5.4.1 Gaussian Tests: Stigmatic Focus The optical system consists simply of a single toroidal mirror placed 10 m beyond the waist ... 620 nm) with a waist of RMS size 212 μm at m √ from the waist Note that for Gaussian sources, the waist size is defined as times the RMS size, that is, the input waist value was 300 μm A small interface ... gives overviews of two different numerical approaches, used in the wavefront propagation codes SRW and PHASE Comparisons of the results from these codes for some simple test cases are presented,...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 4 potx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... devices on SANS spectrometers The use of single crystal materials is also compulsory to avoid that the sample SANS signal is overwhelmed by the signal from the optics system Another limitation is ... avoids the use of pyrolitic graphite or beryllium filters The use of such bent crystals is discussed in [5] Even though perfect crystals are used, which suggests that their use should be restricted ... thickness of the lens increases when one goes away of the central optical axis Attempts have been made to build Fresnel lenses [14, 15] These attempts have not been successful since spurious refraction...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 5 doc
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... roughness in the radial direction as a function of the zone height Such a roughness can be observed in sputtered sliced zone plates, because the deposition process on the microwire causes roughness ... pattern with a period of about 2.5 mm when used in double pass (5 mm in single pass) between cross polarizers The size of the beam is defined by an iris aperture located as close as reasonably possible ... can be synthesized Similar to the roughness calculations, the field amplitudes are propagated through the layer system using the previous formalism of the coupled-wave theory Note that the eigenvalues...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 6 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... curves of the residual slopes after best sphere subtraction are quite superimposable These five mirrors cross measured with high consistency can be considered as reference mirrors for instrument ... is sent to the surface under test and reflected on the sensor for analysis (Fig 15.2) The basic principle is the same as for a conventional LTP [2] However, the analysis pupil size of the sensor ... repeatability of the sensor (obtained by subtracting two successive wavefronts measurements) was measured about λEUV /125 rms, independently of the analysis pupil size The sensitivity was measured about...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 7 doc
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... roughness, etc.) with values initially set by the user The parameters can vary within fixed limits, also set by the user The comparison of the calculated XRR curve (s) with the measured one (s) is made ... by the dashed lines) If the thickness of the section is increased (center) the low-Z layers will start being “shaded” by the irregularities of the high-Z layers Thus, the measured thickness with ... fluorescent X-rays The spatial resolution is limited by the focusing optics Scanning transmission X-ray microscopes (STXRM) for soft X-rays use Fresnel zone plates as high resolution objectives to...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 8 doc
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... example for the application of micro-XRF is the analysis of a stone with an included fossil snail This stone was found on the coast of the Baltic Sea on the island Ruegen The sample shows a strong ... steps 312 S Lagomarsino et al In both cases, the mirrors follow the design shape, and the overall structures are satisfactory The main problem is the wall roughness which presently exceeds the ... tolerances and surface roughness These calculations indicate that the improvement of roughness is of primary importance, and ways of addressing this during possible manufacturing processes are discussed...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 9 potx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... focusing objects, can be used as transmission lenses for the focusing of X-rays Even though the focusing in this case requires the passage through many prism surfaces, the transmission losses caused ... techniques such as the Bosch process [22] of deep etching in silicon are required to manufacture MOAs The Bosch process utilises successive etch/passivate stages to create the channels while preventing ... produce smooth layers Not only the substrate roughness should be as low as possible, but the interface roughness as well The larger the number of layers the more critical the interface roughness is,...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 10 doc
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... thicknesses for these systems were 620 ± 100 nm and 2,500 ± 200 nm As for the monochromators, for the supermirrors the stress becomes more tensile with increasing positive bias voltage The stress ... monochromators and supermirrors The systems were simultaneously sputtered onto 3-mm-thick float glass substrates and onto two thin Si substrates with a thickness between 120 and 250 μm 23 Stress Reduction ... of the substrate is 45 ± V For the Si–FeCo monochromators, the total thickness remains constant within the error limits The stress developing in the whole system for the different bias voltages...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 11 docx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... (increasing) thicknesses for the more (less) absorbing material from the innermost to the outermost layer This complicates the calculation of the layer thicknesses, more so when optimizing SQWMs with ... techniques In a static setup, masks modify the particle fluxes while dynamic approaches use moving masks or the relative motion between source and substrate In the sputter deposition system at the ... motion of the sample with respect to the targets ECR sputtering with the inert gas pressure far below the thermalization threshold proves to be superior to other techniques in terms of yielding...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 12 pps
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... leaves the crystal with minimal sagittal deviation Let us suppose that there is another crystal adjusted in dispersion position with respect to the first crystal This beam impinges on the second ... with the same crystals and grooves Crystals cut symmetrically is compared with asymmetric crystals with α = 12.38◦ The monochromator with the asymmetric crystals gives a shorter focusing distance ... distance is 35 m and the detector– source distance is 55 m) Together with the sagittal deviation, the beams are also sagittaly spread (see the dimensions a and b) This situation is analogous...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 13 doc
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 05:22
... vector u, representing the displacement of the atoms from the equilibrium position in the perfect crystal This displacement must satisfy some limitations, the same as in the case of elastic wave propagation ... in distorted crystals presented in [46–48] In this case, the multilayer acts as an artificial crystal The deformation field in the crystal (as in the theory of elasticity) is described by the vector ... Propagation of SAWs in the crystal leads to the sinusoidal modulation of a crystal lattice and sinusoidal modulation of a crystal surface Since the phase velocity of the SAW (2,000–4,000 m s 1 ) is much...
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