... extracting language 49 knowledge from the real-time web for translation in news scenarios Additionally, we are actively mining other language pairs to build a multi -language learning system Acknowledgments ... two modes, mining from parallel web pages and from bilingual web pages Parallel web pages are identified recursively in the following way Given a pair of parallel web pages, the URLs in two pages ... the crawler and the raw web page storage The crawler periodically downloads two kinds of web pages, which are put into the storage The first kind of web pages are parallel web pages (describe the...
... xuôi dạng OWL với nhau: - Mọi OntologyOWL Lite hợp lệ OntologyOWL DL hợp lệ - Mọi OntologyOWL DL hợp lệ OntologyOWL Full hợp lệ - Mọi kết luận OWL Lite kết luận OWL DL - Mọi kết luận OWL DL ... Hình 1.4 - Công cụ xây dựng ontology Protégé 23 CHƢƠNG NGÔN NGỮ OWL 2.1 Định nghĩa OWL Vào năm 2004, OntologyWebLanguage (OWL) đƣợc cho đời tổ chức W3C OWL ngôn ngữ ontology dùng để mô tả lớp, ... phiên OWLOWL cung cấp ba ngôn ngữ đƣợc thiết kế cho giao tiếp riêng việc cài đặt sử dụng: OWL Lite, OWL Description Logic, OWL Full: Hình 2.2 - Mối quan hệ phiên OWL 25 2.3.1 OWL Lite OWL Lite...
... tập liệu mẫu Semantic Web Technology Evaluation Ontology (SWETO), CRM Ontology , Semantic Web for Research Communities (SWRC) Ontology, Ontology Metadata Vocabulary (OMV) Ontology Với độ xác cao ... liệu, ontology, dịch vụ ứng dụng Nghiên cứu trình phát triển ontology để giải vấn đề có liên quan khác chẳng hạn phù hợp ontologyontology không khác Sự phát triển ontology bao gồm biến đổi ontology ... đổi ontology quan trọng việc hổ trợ kết nối ontologyOntology evolution Ontology versioning hợp giải pháp toàn diện để quản lý thay đổi ontology tác động chúng 2.1 Quá trình trình tiến hóa Ontology...
... Ngôn ngữ OWLOWL (The WebOntology Language) ngôn ngữ gần XML dùng để mô tả hệ sở tri thức OWL ngôn ngữ đánh dấu dùng để xuất chia sẻ liệu Internet thông qua mô hình liệu gọi OntologyOWL biểu ... không thống ontology Có ba kiến trúc nhằm giải vấn đề này, là: ontology đơn, đa ontology, ontology phức hợp 3.3 Vai trò Ontology Danh sách phân tích vai trò Ontology ngữ cảnh ứng dụng Web có ngữ ... đối tượng Ontology 3.5 Tính chất vấn đề liên quan đến Ontology Các ontology có dạng tổng quát (general ontology) dạng chuyên biệt (specific ontology) Word Net, EuroWord Net Cyc ví dụ ontology...
... 2001) ontology markup language [Online] http://www.daml.org/2001/03/reference.html [ Dean Mike and Schreiber Guus (2003) OWLWebOntologyLanguage 25] Reference [Online] http://www.w3.org/TR /owl- ref/ ... đề tài rút trích ontology từ Website, nên đối tượng xử lý phương pháp webpage Website Mặt khác, số lượng webpage lớn: việc xử lý mang tính chất hàng loạt, nghĩa ta phải có tay webpage xử lý Do ... đánh dấu ontology (Ontology Markup Language) CycL [18] ngôn ngữ đời phục vụ cho việc xây dựng ontology Cyc [15] 15 Với phát triển nhanh chóng Internet, ngôn ngữ ontology với tảng ngôn ngữ web đời...
... The client sends a request message to the Web service, and the Web service returns a response message • One Way: The client sends a request message to the Web service but receives no response message ... 701xCH02.qxd 20 7/14/06 4:55 PM Page 20 CHAPTER ■ THE WEB SERVICES DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE • Solicit/Response: This is the reverse of Request/Response The Web service sends a message to the client, and ... 7/14/06 4:55 PM Page 21 CHAPTER ■ THE WEB SERVICES DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE The Element The element lists all of the operations that a Web service supports The element...
... vấn đề quan tâm lĩnh vực Web ngữ nghĩa 1.8 Ngôn ngữ WebOntology (OWL) WebOntologyLanguage (OWL) ngôn ngữ đánh dấu sử dụng để xuất chia sẻ liệu sử dụng ontology Internet OWL từ vựng mở rộng khung ... (RDF OWL) Các phiên tách biệt tiện ích khác nhau, OWL Lite phiên dễ hiểu phức tạp OWL Full Mối liên hệ ngôn ngữ OWL 1.9 Mọi ontology hợp lệ dựa OWL Lite ontology hợp lệ OWL DL Mọi ontology ... dựa OWL DL ontology hợp lệ OWL Full Mọi kết luận hợp lệ dựa OWL Lite kết luận hợp lệ OWL DL Mọi kết luận hợp lệ dựa OWL DL kết luận hợp lệ OWL Full Một vài mô hình ontology Hiện có nhiều ontology...
... xây dựng Ontology, người ta sử dụng nhiều ngôn ngữ khác nhau, ngôn ngữ biểu diễn Ontology cách dễ dàng hiệu OWL (Web Ontology Language) 1.3 OWL (Web Ontology Language) OWL (Web Ontology Language) ... OWL Full coi tập hợp thể đồng thời thể OWL Full cho phép ontology tăng thêm ý nghĩa cho vốn từ vựng định nghĩa trước (RDF OWL) Trong đó, OWL Full mở rộng OWL DL, OWL DL lại mở rộng OWL Lite OWL ... 14 1.3 OWL (Web Ontology Language) 14 1.3.1 Các mức OWL 15 1.3.2 Bản mô tả từ vựng ngôn ngữ OWL Lite 15 1.4 OWL Ontolgogy 24 1.4.1 Các phần tử OWLOntology ...
... Cetin 2007 Web resources for language modeling in conversational speech recognition ACM Trans Speech Lang Process., 5(1):1–25 Vincent Wan and Thomas Hain 2006 Strategies for language model web- data ... smoothing techniques for language modeling Computer Speech and Language, 13:359–394 Joshua T Goodman 2001 A bit of progress in language modeling Computer Speech and Language, 15:403–434 Xiaojin ... source of knowledge for selecting the best pairs 2.2.1 Extra linguistic knowledge We first tested the second (ii) query selection approach by incorporating some simple linguistic knowledge: In...
... necessary to implement the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services Specification THE Business Process Execution Language for Web Services SPECIFICATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND THE ... each language construct are described in the rest of this document The basic structure of the language is:
... wrapper Access Mechanism Language Resource Language Resource Figure Architecture of a Language Infrastructure Given a technical architecture like this, the linguistic service ontology will serve as ... Level of the Ontology The topmost class is NL_Resource, which is partitioned into ProcessingResource, and LanguageResource Here, as in GATE (Cun146 Taxonomy of language resources The language resource ... describe language resource access functionalities It is first partitioned into CorpusAccessor and DictionaryAccessor, depending on the type of language resource it accesses The input to a language...
... using a large amount of web data 2.2 Spidered Web Corpora A few projects have utilised data downloaded from the web Ravichandran et al (2005) used a collection of 31 million web pages to produce ... from search engines 3.1 Web Spidering We created a 10 billion word Web Corpus by spidering the web While the corpus is not designed to be a representative sample of the web, we attempt to sample ... on the Gigaword and testing 237 Training Gigaword billion Web Corpus billion Web Corpus 10 billion Gigaword billion Web Corpus billion Web Corpus 10 billion Testing WSJ 100% WSJ 100% WSJ 100%...
... through its frequency of appearance in the Web, i.e., the fitness as a function of the frequency of appearance Since matching an entire phrase on the Web might result in very low retrieval, in ... and Giles (1999) the “surface Web consisted of approximately 2.5 billion documents As for January 2005, according to Gulli and Signorini (2005),the size of indexable Web had become approximately ... whose appearance on the Web is significant even though they are rarely used In the experiment they were treated as accepted 11 Processing time: 20 hours 13 minutes The Web search results are as...
... Both the visualization (in the OWLViz pane on the right) and the underlying OWL statements (not shown) are automatically generated The grammar writer does not edit OWL statements directly This ... Extension HPSG COPE is a community of practice extension that integrates the HPSG ontology within GOLD The COPE is an OWLontology that imports both the GOLD and the HPSG ontologies Apart from the import ... HPSG more amenable to expression as an ontology than other linguistic theories Prot´ g´ -OWL supports visual development and e e visual editing of the ontology This is a significant practical...
... natural language generation In Proceedings of the 1st NLP and XML Workshop, pages 1-8, Tokyo Graham Wilcock 2002 XML-based Natural Language Generation In Towards the Semantic Web and Web Services: ... natural language generation techniques closely integrated with recent developments in XML web technology (Xalan XSLT processors, Apache Xindice native XML database, Tomcat servlet engine, Cocoon web ... Ehud Reiter and Robert Dale 2000 Building Natural Language Generation Systems Cambridge University Press Sun Microsystems 1999 Java Speech Markup Language Specification, version 0.6 http: //java.sun.com/products/java-media/...
... document (e.g., language names) that could help predict the language ID of specific IGT instances 4.2 Language table To identify language names in a document and map language names to language codes, ... sufficient to identify languages This is not true when dealing with a large number of languages, because some languages have multiple names, and some language names refer to multiple languages (see Section ... ambiguous.7 is bin; the nearest language name (nearLC) is Edo To identify language names in a document, we whose language code is bin or lew; the languages implemented a simple language name detector...
... the forefront of the Semantic Web with high-profile uses in a wide variety of industries, so we gave it a chapter of its own Version of the WebOntology Language, OWL, also appeared during this ... A distributed web of data The Semantic Web takes this idea one step further, applying it to the Web as a whole The current Web infrastructure supports a distributed network of web pages that ... Semantic Web infrastructure brings to a smarter Web Just as is the case with data-backed Web applications, the Semantic Web infrastructure allows the data to drive the presentation so that various web...
... Step 2: Ontology Import The original ontology (also called base ontology) on which the Ontology View is based Naturally, this ontology has to be in the ontology standard specified by the ontology ... Rahayu view definitions in SW languages such as Resource Description Framework (RDF) (W3C-RDF, 2004) and the OntologyWebLanguage (OWL, previously known as DAML+OIL) (W3C -OWL, 2002) Though expressive, ... Informal Definition for Ontology View A Strict Semantic Web View (or Ontology View) is a materialized Semantic Web View that is derived from an ontology (called the base ontology) The derivation...