water oil microemulsion reverse micelle method
nano - sized pdo loaded sno2 nanoparticles by reverse micelle method
... designated ratio, nano-sized water droplets called as reverse micelles stabilized by the surfactant were formed in the organic solvent This method utilizes the reverse micelles (abbreviated as “RM”) ... diameters of reverse micelles containing precursor Pd(OH)2 and Sn(OH)4 nanoparticles The reverse micelles containing Pd(OH)2 were prepared by mixing the solution RM-C with a reverse micelle solution ... production from water over a LaMnO3 /CdS nanocomposite prepared by the reverse micelle method, J Mater Chem 13 (2003) 1186–1191 [38] M Yuasa, G Sakai, K Shimanoe, Y Teraoka, N Yamazoe, Reverse micelle- based...
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The green and blue water footprint of paper products: Methodological considerations and quantification ppt
... paper product Return flow to surface water 5144×10 m Return flow to groundwater 0m Surface water 4736×10 m Groundwater 787×10 m Water in wood 145×10 m Other water inputs 8×10 m Included in WFIndustry ... products Why measure green water footprint? Traditional measurements of water use focus on blue water and exclude green water, so one may ask why include green water? Blue water scarcity is known ... is the volume of water evaporated from rainwater stored in or on the vegetation or stored in the soil as soil moisture The blue component refers to evaporated surface and ground water The grey...
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Fabrication of high aspect ratio metallic micro structures by reverse exposure method
... a)Top-side method b )Reverse- side method Figure 3-7 Contact between exposure mask and SU-8 in top-side and reverse- side methods 3.3.3 Exposure window is wider and easier to control In reverse- side method, ... substrate firstly (Figure 3-6.b) [36] Glass a)Top-side method b )Reverse- side method Figure 3-6 light reflection in top-side and reverse- side method 3.3.2 Contact between exposure mask and SU-8 When ... first conducted on two exposure methods: top-side and reverse- side The reverse- side method is then chosen as it has several advantages in comparison to the top-side method, such as no UV light reflection...
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DIRECT TREATMENT OF POLLUTED RIVER WATER BY THE MULTI-SOIL-LAYERING METHOD
... solids (SS) by Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (1995), COD by potassium dichromate method, NH4-N by Nessler method, NO2-N by diazotization method, NO3-N and T-N (after ... TO HAISUI, Water and Wastewater, 40, 874-882 (in Japanese) Wakatsuki T., Mori J., Masunaga T and Kudou K (1999) Wastewater treatment based on soil ecosystems using Multi-Soil-Layering method KANKYOU ... waste water treatment system by Multi-Soil- Layering method, Wat Sci Tech., 27(1), 31-40 Wakatsuki T., Masunaga T., Kita K Shirahama M., Zennami T and Harada T (1998) Wastewater treatment using soil...
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A White Paper Describing Produced Water from Production of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal Bed Methane pot
... 2002 crude oil production by the average historic water- to -oil ratio for that state The volume of produced water from oil and gas wells does not remain constant over time The water- to -oil ratio ... Water Characteristics 2.1 Major Components of Produced Water 2.1.1 Produced Water from Oil Production 2.1.2 Produced Water from Gas Production 2.1.3 Produced Water ... calculated a water- to -oil ratio of approximately 7.5 barrels of water for each barrel of oil produced For the survey of 2002 production prepared for this white paper, the water- to -oil ratio was...
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Methodology for Integral Water Pollution Assessment within Agricultural Area docx
... Methodology for integral management of water quality of watercourses in Vojvodina Water quality models have become advanced in describing dynamics in water environment and ... proposed methodology was designed in order to suit various requirements of investigating water quality in agricultural region in Vojvodina However, it could be applied to any other watersheds The methodology ... make a list of all potential sources of pollution, all watercourses from a watershed before assessing pollution impact Linking complex water quality models with GIS database might ease decision...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_1 ppt
... of fats are butter, lard, and margarine; and examples of oils are the vegetable oils cottonseed oil, linseed oil, and palm oil Fats and oils are abundant in meat and meat products Glycerol may ... in natural water systems and in water and wastewater engineering The tolerable concentration range for biological life in water habitats is quite narrow This is also the case in wastewater treatment ... lipids (fats, oils, and phospholipids) and mineral oils such kerosene, crude oil, and lubricating oil and similar products are collectively called grease The grease content in wastewater is determined...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_2 ppt
... Another method of connecting piezometer tubes are the tappings shown in d of Figure 3.5 This method of tapping is used when the indicator fluid used to measure the deflection, ∆h, is lighter than water ... weight of water The subscripts © 2003 by A P Sincero and G A Sincero TX249_frame_C03.fm Page 190 Wednesday, June 19, 2002 10:42 AM 190 Physical–Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater Pressure ... supply of water Water from the supply is introduced into the piping system through flow indicator, pipes, valves, and fittings, and into the venturi meter The design would be such that water jets...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_3 potx
... the water trapped between its teeth The smaller gear also traps water between its teeth and carries it over to the crescent The smaller and the larger gears eventually throw their trapped waters ... manometric head to the pump At 20°C, Pv (vapor pressure of water) = 2.34 kN/m = 0.239 m of water Assume standard atmosphere of atm = 10.34 m of water Therefore, theoretical limit of pump cavitation ... 10.34 = 46.97 m of water Ans (c) 1.059 idh = h absi + h vi = ( – 3.087 + 10.34 ) + - = 7.31 m of water Ans ( 9.81 ) 1.3 odh = h abso + h vo = 57.31 + - = 57.39 m of water Ans ( 9.81...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_4 potx
... are falling down the water column in response to gravity Of course, as soon as the solids reach the bottom, they begin sedimenting In the physical treatment of water and wastewater, settling is ... Example 5.5 A certain municipality in Thailand plans to use the water from the Chao Praya River as a raw water for a contemplated water treatment plant The river is very turbid, so presedimentation ... used in wastewater treatment and water treatment also differ in another respect: the length of detention time Although longer detention times tend to effect more solids removal in water treatment,...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_5 ppt
... the drag by the water on the blade; FD is also the push of the blade upon the water This push causes the water to move at a velocity vp equal to the velocity of the blade The water is actually ... force has the same action on the surrounding water as the impeller has on the water in the case of the rotational mixer It pushes the opposing surrounding water with a force FD traveling at an average ... provided from the weir crest to the surface of the water below At the points directly below the falling water there is turbulence As the particles of water reach point 2, however, turbulence ceases...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_6 pot
... efficiency Water Quality Res J Canada 33, 4, 589–594 American Water Works Association (1990) Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook of Community Water Supplies McGraw-Hill, New York American Water ... Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems Using Surface Water Sources Am Water Works Assoc., Denver Droste, R L (1997) Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment John Wiley & Sons, ... (1985) Water Quality Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA Vera, L., et al (1998) Can microfiltration of treated wastewater produce suitable water for irrigation? Water Science and Technology Wastewater:...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_7 doc
... membrane Water solvent (water) (a) High-pressure Feedwater pump pump Pretreatment Reverse osmosis module Product pump Membrane Waste discharge Product water (b) FIGURE 8.5 (a) Osmosis process; (b) reverse ... evaluation of three different pretreatment systems for seawater reverse osmosis technique, Desalination Int Symp Pretreatment of Feedwater for Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants, March 31–April 2, ... bigger container full of pure water Inside the membrane bag is a solution of sucrose Because sucrose has osmotic pressure, it “sucks” water from outside the bag causing the water to pass through the...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_8 docx
... At the air water interface at the surface of the flowing water, the air transfers between the water and air phases The studding creates turbulence which, in aeration, transports the water exposed ... AWWA, WEF (1992) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater American Public Health Association, Washington Tchobanoglous, G and E D Schroeder (1985) Water Quality Addison-Wesley, ... exposed at the surface to the main body or bulk of the flowing water The whole mass of water is aerated this way, because the mass of water transported to the main body carries with it any air that...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_9 potx
... them to wet ‘‘foreign” solids, thereby, suspending the solids in water As the water is rinsed out, the solids are removed from the soiled material In the presence of hardness ions, however, soap ... only form when all the hardness ions are consumed This means that hard waters are hard to lather Hard waters are those waters that contain these hardness ions in excessive amounts Softening using ... 300 mg/L as CaCO3 A very soft water has a slimy feel For example, rainwater, which is exceedingly soft, is slimy when used with soap For this reason, hardness in water used for domestic purposes...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_10 docx
... Treatment of Water and Wastewater A positive value of the Langelier index indicates that the water is supersaturated and will deposit CaCO3, whereas a negative value indicates that the water is undersaturated ... municipal water supply enters a residence at 15°C and is heated to 60°C in the water heater If the water is at equilibrium at 15°C, determine if CaCO3 will deposit or not A softened municipal water ... PM 542 Physical–Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater Coucke, D., et al (1997) Comparison of the different methods for determining the behaviour of water to calcium carbonate Aqua (Oxford)...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_11 potx
... groups for water, the water is held tight on the surface This water is called bound water and is fixed on the surface and moves with the particle The hydrophobic colloids not have affinity for water; ... coagulant in water and wastewater treatment is copperas, FeSO4 ⋅ 7H2O For brevity, this will simply be written without the water of hydration as FeSO4 When copperas dissolves in water, it dissociates ... to evaluate the coagulation of pulp wastewater Water Science Technol., Proc 7th Int Workshop on Instrumentation, Control and Automation of Water and Wastewater Treatment and Transport Syst., July...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_12 potx
... added to water Gram equivalents per liter of alkalinity to be added to water Acidity to be added to water Gram equivalents per liter of acidity to be added to water Current alkalinity of water Gram ... waste waters Koks i Khimiya/Coke Chem., 8, 30–32 American Water Works Association (1990) Alternative Oxidants for the Removal of Soluble Iron and Manganese Am Water Works Assoc., Denver American Water ... control manganese in raw water Maryborough town water supply, Queensland, Australia Water Science Technol., Proc 1997 1st IAWQ-IWSA Joint Specialist Conf on Reservoir Manage and Water Supply—An Integrated...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_13 ppt
... not be encountered in the normal treatment of water and wastewater This concentration is representative of the dissolved solids concentration of sea water 14.5 CHEMICAL REACTION OF THE PHOSPHATE ... and Fe2(SO4)3 as precipitants Milligrams per liter of suspended solids in raw water Cubic meters of water treated Water of hydration of alum Activity coefficient of the calcium ion Activity coefficient ... Modelling and performance of a fluidized bed reactor Water Science Technol Wastewater: Nutrient Removal, Proc 1998 19th Biennial Conf Int Assoc on Water Quality, Part 1, June 21–26, Vancouver, Canada,...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_14 docx
... species are very resistant and can survive anywhere where there is a water body Thus, if this is the case in a particular body of water, it may be a waste of money to remove nitrogen, because the ... of bacteria when wastewater is fed to them to treat the waste Knowledge of microbial thermodynamics is therefore important to professionals involved in cleaning up wastewaters Variables involved ... microorganisms? If the answer is yes, then the food will be eaten; and if it is in a wastewater, the wastewater will be cleaned up The answer to this question can now be quantified by the combination...
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