... Z) : ab ≡ cd ≡ mod denotes the theta group, is of index three in Γk Proof It is well known [9] that Γθ is of index three in SL(2, Z) and SL(2, Z) = Γθ j=0 j −1 1 By virtue of the group isomorphism ... employed in the proof of Lemma 4.7, we infer that Γ = j=0 4.12 Lemma (Γθ n Z ) 2k k −1 1 ; s j Γk is of finite index in SL(2, Z) n ( Z)2k Proof The subgroup Γθ n Z2k ⊂ Γk is of finite index in SL(2, ... subgroup of SL(2, Z) n Z2k of finite index g0 = i, 0; y ∈ Γ\Gk such that the components of the vector ( ty, 1) ∈ Rk+1 are linearly independent over Q Let h be a continuous probability density R...
... side of the analogue of (2.86) The integral on the right-hand side of (3.9) is of order 1/2 log(1/ ) Hence we get C 5/6 log(1/ ) for the second term on the right-hand side of the analogue of ... expectations under the square roots are independent of x and are bounded uniformly in T ≥ and < ≤ (see van den Berg and T´th [4] or o 765 ON THE VOLUME OF THE INTERSECTION OF TWO WIENER SAUSAGES van den ... probability of order 1.6 Three or more Wiener sausages Consider k ≥ independent a (t) denote their intersection up to time t, and let Wiener sausages, let Vk 748 M VAN DEN BERG, E BOLTHAUSEN, AND F DEN...
... applications of the lemma as well as in the deformation of Cn in its proof, is the existence of pseudo-holomorphic deformations of a pseudo-holomorphic cycle under assumptions on genericity of the ... manifold M de ne δ(C, P ) as the virtual number of double points This is the number of nodes of the image of a small, general, J-holomorphic deformation of the parametrization map from a union of unit ... irreducible components of |Cn | and of |C∞ | respecting the genera Proof By the de nition of the cycle topology, for n each component of C∞ deforms to parts of some component of Cn This sets up...
... properties of the causal structure of appropriately microlocalized rough Einstein metrics This result, which is the focus of this paper, is of independent interest as it requires the development of new ... only independent geometric quantities, besides n, v and k are trχ, χ, η We now state the main result of our paper ˆ giving the precise description of the Ricci coefficients Note that a subset of these ... f − (χAB − χAB )∇B f / / ROUGH EINSTEIN METRICS 1205 Proof For simplicity we only provide the proof of the identity (42) The derivation of (41) is only slightly more involved (see [Ch-Kl], [Kl-Ro])...
... provide determinantal formulae for the multidegrees of ladder determinantal rings The proofs of the main theorems introduce the technique of “Bruhat induction”, consisting of a collection of geometric, ... (Γ) denote the multiplicity of Γ along X, which by de nition equals the length of the largest finite-length submodule in the localization of Γ at the prime ideal of X The support of Γ consists of ... class of determinantal ideals can be tackled by partial degeneration of matrix Schubert varieties, using antidiagonal partial term orders However, if we degenerate using the partial order >n (order...
... support of g For nonidentity g these two degrees are not equal; indeed, degKΩ g = degΩ g − t , where t is the number of orbits of g on [Ω, g] (the number of nontrivial orbits of g on Ω) Therefore degKΩ ... where t is the number of orbits of G on Ω For the element g ∈ Sym(Ω), we have de ned previously the degree of g on KΩ, degKΩ g = dimK [V, g], and the degree of g on Ω, degΩ g = |[Ω, g]|, where ... I } is a sectional cover of the group G, then the degrees of S are the degrees of the various quotients Qi = Gi /Ni For g ∈ G, the degrees of g in S are the degrees degQi gNi , for those i ∈...
... graph We denote by • V : the (indexed) set of vertices of G; • v : the cardinality of V , i.e the number of irreducible components of X; • E : the set of edges of G; this is indexed by the ordered ... properties of reducible surfaces, in particular of unions of planes When the surface is the central fibre of an embedded flat degeneration of surfaces in a projective space, we deduce some properties of ... cardinality of E, i.e the number of irreducible components of double curves in X; • fn : the number of n-faces of G, i.e the number of En -points of X, for n 3; • f := n fn , the number of faces of G,...
... important open problem to decide whether every element of Q(β) ∩ (0, 1) has an eventually periodic β-expansion Proofs of Theorems to We begin by a short proof of Theorem Proof of Theorem Let a = (ak ... known to be transcendental: this is a consequence of deep transcendence results proved in [10] and in [17], concerning the values of theta series at algebraic points The proofs of Theorems to are ... polynomial Pn (X) of degree at most rn + sn − such that Pn (β) rn (β sn − β αn = 1) · Further, the coefficients of Pn (X) are bounded in absolute value by maxk≥1 |ak | Proof By de nition of αn , we get...
... Classification Theorem provides an explicit description of any properly embedded minimal surface in terms of the ordering of the ends, the parity of the middle ends, the genus of each end - zero or ... interior of W Let S denote the collection of ends of planes and catenoids de ned above which arises from the collection of nonsimply connected components W of Hi − ∪Di It follows from the proof of ... ordering of ends The proof of the case where F has two limit ends is similar Let W be the set of closures of the components of H1 −∪D1 and H2 −∪D2 Given W ∈ W, let P(W ) be the collection of...
... reveals a deceleration of the unfolding process by almost six orders of magnitude after binding of all four calcium ions, corresponding to an increase in Gibbs free energy of activation of unfolding, ... quartz cell of mm path length The signal at 222 nm was used for the determination of kinetic constants As the fluorescence and CD spectra of the unfolded and the degraded protein are nearly identical ... Reduction of autoproteolysis, in the presence of 2– mm CaCl2, by the addition of isopropanol leads to a reduction of the observed rate constants of unfolding The kobs values coincide for both of the...
... µ(z) z∈Γ− µ(F ) = µ(u) ∈ Z 134 H HOFER, K WYSOCKI, AND E ZEHNDER The de nition does not depend on the choices involved Finally, we de ne the index of the embedded finite energy sphere F by Ind(F ... Proof By the results in [36], the given sphere u lies in an Ind(u)-dimensional family of embedded finite energy spheres A member of this family can be described by means of a graph of a section of ... − (One of the parts might, of course, be empty.) We shall use the flow ϕt in order to de ne 148 H HOFER, K WYSOCKI, AND E ZEHNDER useful collars of B ± If ε > is sufficiently small we de ne the...
... Pascal Thomas devised an elegant function theoretic proof of Theorem 1.19 We include his proof in an appendix at the end of the paper 295 HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS The equivalence of the von Neumann ... bounded point evaluation of H (µ) As bounded point evaluations are necessarily in the polynomial convex hull of the support of µ, we conclude via (3.6) that Dλ ⊆ V and the proof of Theorem 1.19 is ... means that, indeed, V = {λ0 } and concludes the proof of Lemma 5.1 Before continuing, we remark that an alternate proof of Lemma 5.1 can be obtained by showing that the Shilov boundary of P (V −...
... independent of the size of the data We will see that although it is impossible to control (47) independently of , it is possible to control the quotient e2 r − , 1−µ from above, independently of ... the Kerr solution described in the introduction, the domain of dependence property fails outside the shaded area D The region D corresponds to the maximal domain of development of the initial data ... expounded in Section 7, dubbing it “mass inflation”, in the context of a related model which is simpler than the scalar field model considered here In the context of the scalar field model, in order...
... n denotes the Galek k ordered poset of k-element subsets of {1, , n} We are now ready to de ne the stratification of the geometric realization of MacP(k, n); the strata will, again, be indexed ... postpone the proof to Section Using this result, we can easily explain the proof of Theorem 1.1 Proof of Theorem 1.1 This is an induction on the (Gale-ordered) cells Indeed, let A ⊂ G(k, n) denote π ... which side of any hyperplane a vector lies, given two ordered bases of V contained in S, we can determine whether they have equal or opposite orientations Incidentally, the presence of the word...
... proof of property (ii) and the lemma The second of our auxiliary lemmas says that the image of a small cylinder by a C diffeomorphism h contains the image by Dh of a slightly shrunk cylinder Denote ... image of a sufficiently thin cylinder contains a right cylinder with almost the same volume The idea is shown in Figure The proof of the lemma is left to the reader Lemma 3.6 Let A⊕B be a cylinder ... finishes the proof of Lemma 3.8 The proof of Proposition 3.1 is now complete Proofs of Theorems and Let us de ne some useful invariant sets Given f ∈ Diff (M ), let O(f ) be µ the set of the regular...
... independent of the choice of Lagrangian structure L L Thus a non-Witt space has a well -de ned L-class L(X), provided SD(X) = ∅ Although we have only considered explicitly the independence of ... since Ys is of even codimension The paper is organized as follows: Section provides a summary of the de nitions and results of [Ban02] It contains the de nition of the category SD(X) of self-dual ... + 1, k ≥ We shall denote the derived category of bounded differential complexes of sheaves constructible with respect to (1) by Db (X) Let us de ne the category of complexes of sheaves suitable...