variation of solar radiation with latitude
Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Transformation of solar radiation in Norway spruce stands into produced biomass – the effect of stand density" doc
... in the efficiency of solar energy conversion into biomass due to a prevail-ing amount of the shade type of foliage with high maintenance costs.The importance of the amount of leaf area and ... existence of the threshold value of LAI on the final values of RUE and ε are of great importance. CONCLUSION Two Norway spruce stands with different densities were investigated from the aspect of ... on the basis of stand inventory realized at the end of each growing season. e procedure of the stand inventory consisted of measurements of stem circumference at the height of 1.3 m above...
- 9
- 352
- 0
Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Multiscale computation of solar radiation for predictive vegetation modelling" docx
... calculated the solar flux outside the atmosphere (Rout,W/m2) with the model of Kreith and Kreider [28]. Solar flux is a function of solar constant Sc (we used the World Radiation Center value of 1367 ... for0100200300400500600700800123456789101112Meteo FranceHelios with cloudinessHelios without cloudiness Radiation (MJ/m²)MonthFigure 5. Solar radiation calculated with Helios with and withoutcloudiness for the Luxeuil Meteorological ... 2000 2500 3000 Latitude (°)020040060080041 43 45 47 49 5102004006008001,522,533,544,555,566,57Figure 4. Variation of solar radiation for different conditions of altitude, latitude, and...
- 11
- 380
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: "Variation of pulpwood quality with provenances and site in Eucalyptus globulus" doc
... CONCLUSIONSWithin site and within provenance variation was lowfor all the properties studied with the exception of ex-tractives. However, provenance and site were significantsources of variation ... yield of 56% compared to only 40% of trees of an east cost provenance. Matheson et al. [9], in a study onthe geographic variation of E. obliqua in 22 localitiesthroughout the natural range of ... variabilitywas low, with coefficients of variation of the mean under5% in all cases. Site and provenance were not statisticallysignificant effects for wood density variation. At the age of 7 years a...
- 9
- 383
- 0
Báo cáo hóa học: " Effective harvesting, detection, and conversion of IR radiation due to quantum dots with built-in charge" docx
... μm).Asaresult,theefficiency of our reference cell (without QDs) is lessFigure 9 I-V characteristics of solar cells. I-V characteristics of solar cells with built-in-dot charge of two electrons per ... effects of doping on photoelectron kinetics.Bipolar kinetics: solar cell with built-in-dot chargeThe heterostructure solar cells are presently dominatingthe market of high-efficiency solar cells. ... device with twoelectrons per dot and further, to 24 mA/cm2for the device with six electrons per dot. As with the conventional solar cell with a p-n junction, doping also prevents deteriorationof...
- 13
- 416
- 0
Báo cáo hóa học: " Performance characteristics of polymer photovoltaic solar cells with an additiveincorporated active layer" docx
... Because of this reason, the film with 3.5 vol.% of 1,8-octanedithiol exhibited the best device perfor-mances in this work.ConclusionsThe performance characteristics of BHJ polymer solar cells ... Factor0.00.10.20.30.40.50.6Figure 6 Photovoltaic response. Photovoltaic response of solar cell devices with chlorobenzene and different amounts of 1,8-octanedithiol, Jsc,PCE, Voc, and FF.Kim et al. Nanoscale ... an optimizedamount of 1,8-octanedithiol can be determined. As theamount of 1,8-octanedithiol was increased, the i ntensity of the UV-Vis absorption and the crystallinity of P3HTsignificantly...
- 5
- 322
- 0
báo cáo hóa học:" Performance characteristics of polymer photovoltaic solar cells with an additiveincorporated active layer" pdf
... images of P3HT:P CBM films formed usingchlorobenzene with different amounts of 1.8-octanedithiol.Chlorobenzene alone.(a), chlorobenzene with 1.5 vol.% of 1.8-octanedithiol (b), chlorobenzene with ... range of 550 to 650 nm with the increasing amount of 1,8-octanedithiol. A high PL intensity indicates that notall excitons generated on one polymer within the filmreached the interface of the ... Because of this reason, the film with 3.5 vol.% of 1,8-octanedithiol exhibited the best device perfor-mances in this work.ConclusionsThe performance characteristics of BHJ polymer solar cells...
- 5
- 389
- 0
Báo cáo vật lý: "AN ANFIS-BASED PREDICTION FOR MONTHLY CLEARNESS INDEX AND DAILY SOLAR RADIATION: APPLICATION FOR SIZING OF A STAND-ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM" ppsx
... the Director of the ONM (Office of National Meteorology of Algiers), for making available the database of solar radiation data for different sites, and Prof. A. Guessoum (Head of Signal Processing ... 40000200040006000DaysDaily solar radiation signal0 1000 2000 3000 40000200040006000DaysDaily solar radiation signal0 1000 2000 3000 400002000400060008000DaysDaily solar radiation signalSite ... amount of global solar radiation and its temporal distribution are the primary variables for designing solar energy systems. Knowledge of these parameters is required for the prediction of system...
- 21
- 398
- 0
Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: " Variation of the photosynthetic capacity across a chronosequence of maritime pine correlates with needle phosphorus concentration" pptx
... investigatedrigorously the variations in photosynthetic capacity with age.Few, if any studies were designed to isolate variation causedby age from all other sources of variation, e.g. size and ... temperaturewas not measured with the constructor thermocouple because of prob-lems with direct heating of the thermocouple by incident light and thespherical shape of the thermocouple which forbids ... the lower value of ∆ in the 32-yr-oldstand can be explained by the higher values of photosyntheticcapacity and intermediate level of stomatal conductance meas-ured in the trees of this stand....
- 7
- 321
- 0
Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Predicting solar radiation transmittance in the understory of even-aged coniferous stands in temperate forests" ppt
... ratio of daily transmitted solar irradiation to daily incident solar irradiation. This T value obtainedfrom measured irradiation values will hereafter be called measuredtransmittance. Measured solar ... heterogeneous covers, with a variation coefficientgreater than 20%, a higher number of tube solarimeters (5 to 6)is needed [6, 51]. Tube solarimeter geometry allows the inte-gration of radiation spatial ... correction.The variations of the G-extinction coefficient b is actuallya combined effect of the variation of LAI-extinction coefficient kfrom the Beer-Lambert law and the variation of the slope...
- 13
- 302
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: "Variation of growth in Danish provenance trials with oak (Quercus robur L and Quercus petraea Mattuschka Liebl" pptx
... to lack of statistical knowledge,most of the early provenance trials weremade without replications with insufficientpossibilities of estimating genetic gain of phenotypic ... but signifi-cant effect of provenance at 18 years of age; however, the effect of block variation (site condition) was very high. At the age of 25 years, this relationship ... early.Concerning the provenances of foreignorigin, the length of the yearly period of growth and the production level seem to in-crease as the latitude of the origin de-creases...
- 5
- 252
- 0
Báo cáo khoa học: "Genetic variation of the Croatian beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L): spatial differentiation in connection with the environment" doc
... correlation between PX-2 allelic diver-sity and the extent of climatic variationsconnected with the altitudinal range of thestands. For PX-1, a positive correlationwas shown ... andvariations of environmental factors in orderto prove the adaptative signification of anenzymatic polymorphism. However, theconnections between climate and allelicvariations ... the northern slope of the Dinaric Alps, onthe plain and in the highlands of Croatia. With regard to soil factors, we could only define 3classes of pH (acid, neutral...
- 14
- 383
- 0
Tìm thêm: hệ việt nam nhật bản và sức hấp dẫn của tiếng nhật tại việt nam xác định các mục tiêu của chương trình xác định các nguyên tắc biên soạn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo của các đơn vị đào tạo tại nhật bản khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể điều tra đối với đối tượng giảng viên và đối tượng quản lí điều tra với đối tượng sinh viên học tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ1 khảo sát thực tế giảng dạy tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam khảo sát các chương trình đào tạo theo những bộ giáo trình tiêu biểu xác định mức độ đáp ứng về văn hoá và chuyên môn trong ct mở máy động cơ lồng sóc mở máy động cơ rôto dây quấn hệ số công suất cosp fi p2 đặc tuyến hiệu suất h fi p2 đặc tuyến mômen quay m fi p2 đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 đặc tuyến dòng điện stato i1 fi p2 động cơ điện không đồng bộ một pha phần 3 giới thiệu nguyên liệu từ bảng 3 1 ta thấy ngoài hai thành phần chủ yếu và chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất là tinh bột và cacbonhydrat trong hạt gạo tẻ còn chứa đường cellulose hemicellulose